Survey non-response is an important problem in statistics, economics and social sciences. The paper reviews the missing data framework of Little & Rubin [Little and Rubin, 1986]. It presents a survey of techniques to deal with non-response in surveys using a likelihood based approach. The focuses on the case where the probability of a data missing depends on its value. The paper uses the two-st...

Under the UK fundholding scheme, general practices could elect to hold a budget to meet the costs of some types of elective surgery (chargeable admissions) for their patients. It was alleged that patients of fundholding practices had shorter waits for elective surgery than the patients of non-fundholders. Comparison of waiting times between fundholding and non-fundholding practices are potentia...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to demonstrate the use of the Heckman two-step method to assess and correct for bias due to missing health related quality of life (HRQL) surveys in a clinical study of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS We analyzed data from 2,733 veterans with a confirmed diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including either acute myocardial in...

The classical Heckman (1976, 1979) selection correction estimator (heckit) is misspecified and inconsistent if an interaction of the outcome variable and an explanatory variable matters for selection. To address this specification problem, a full information maximum likelihood estimator and a simple two-step estimator are developed. Monte-Carlo simulations illustrate that the bias of the ordina...

We consider a production function model that transforms worker inputs into outputs through peer effect networks. The distinguishing features of this production model are that the network is formal and observable through worker scheduling, and selection into the network is done by a manager. We discuss identification and suggest a variety of estimation techniques. In particular, we tackle endoge...

The classical Heckman (1976, 1979) selection correction estimator (heckit) is misspecified and inconsistent if an interaction of the outcome variable and an explanatory variable matters for selection. To address this specification problem, a full information maximum likelihood estimator and a simple two-step estimator are developed. Monte-Carlo simulations illustrate that the bias of the ordina...

This paper aims to reexamine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance (CFP) using a panel dataset of Chinese listed firms. Previous studies obtained divergent empirical evidence on CSR-CFP due unclear, incomplete, or inappropriate consideration endogeneity issues. By introducing Heckman-2SLS model, we comprehensively address main problems (i.e., s...

Recent evidence from economics and psychology highlights the importance of traits other than general intelligence for success in school and in life (Almlund, Duckworth, Heckman, & Kautz, 2011; Borghans, Duckworth, Heckman, & ter Weel, 2008; Moffitt et al., 2011). Disparities in so-called non-cognitive skills appear to contribute to the academic achievement gap separating wealthy from disadvanta...

A recent study using Heckman-type selection models to adjust for non-response in the Zambia 2007 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) found a large correction in HIV prevalence for males. We aim to validate this finding, replicate the adjustment approach in other DHSs, apply the adjustment approach in an external empirical context, and assess the robustness of the technique to different adjustme...