Thermal stability of a porous low-k film is a critical issue for application consideration in the back-end-of-line. In this study, thermal stability of the porous silicate has been investigated by changing the thermal processing temperatures. Experimental results have shown that the dielectric constant of the porous silicate still remains below 2.0 after thermal processing at 500 8C for 1 h. A ...

Discrete dipole approximation (DDA) is used to calculate extinction efficiencies of porous silicate and graphite grains. We apply DDA first to the spheroidal solid grains assumed to be made of a large number of small scattering elements (dipoles). Then we systematically reduce the number of dipoles to model the porous grains. The extinction is studied as a function of wavelength, grain size and...

This paper describes the apatite deposition of chitosan-silicate porous hybrids derived from chitosan and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) in alkaline phosphate solution. The preparation of porous hybrids with needle-like apatite on their surfaces is described. Following apatite deposition the porous hybrids maintained high porosity. The enzymatic degradation rate was low even after 6 ...

The recent Spitzer detections of the 9.7μm Si–O silicate emission in type 1 AGNs provide support for the AGN unification scheme. The properties of the silicate dust are of key importance to understanding the physical, chemical and evolutionary properties of the obscuring dusty torus around AGNs. Compared to that of the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM), the 10μm silicate emission profile of ty...

Cross-linking of the cubic silicate building block, Si8O20 with vanadyl chloride leads to porous solids in which a homogeneous dispersion of isolated vanadyl groups is maintained throughout the matrix even at high loadings of vanadium.

Calcium ions react with silicic acid released from dissolving porous silicon nanoparticles to create an insoluble calcium silicate shell. The calcium silicate shell traps and protects an siRNA payload, which can be delivered to neuronal tissues in vitro or in vivo. Gene delivery is enhanced by the action of targeting and cell-penetrating peptides attached to the calcium silicate shell.

Silica or various silicate aerogels can be characterized by highly porous, open cell, low density structures. The synthesis parameters influence the three-dimensional porous structures by modifying the kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis and condensation processes. Numerous investigations have shown that the structure of porous materials can be tailored by variations in synthesis conditions (e...

In this research, a high porous silicate mining waste that was prepared from Syah Kamar Polymetal Porphyry mine in order to malachite green dye (MG) removal has been applied. The characterization of this natural mineral was determined using the XRD, XRF, SEM and FT-IR analysis. The MG adsorption onto high porous activated waste was studied based on the parameters of pH, temperature, adsorbent d...

The influence of mineral substrate composition and structure on bacterial calcium carbonate productivity and polymorph selection was studied. Bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation occurred on calcitic (Iceland spar single crystals, marble, and porous limestone) and silicate (glass coverslips, porous sintered glass, and quartz sandstone) substrates following culturing in liquid medium (M-3P)...

We study nanoclusters of Mg-rich olivine and pyroxene (having (MgO)6(SiO2)3 and (MgO)4(SiO2)4 compositions) with respect to their reactivity towards hydrogen atoms, using density functional calculations. Ultrasmall silicate particles are fundamental intermediates in cosmic dust grain formation and processing, and are thought to make up a significant mass fraction of the grain population. Due to...