The lengths of the digital bones of the fore- and hind-limbs obtained post mortem from 40 cattle of different ages were measured using digital radiographs. The lengths of the individual digital bones and the overall length of the digit were determined using computer software. The lateral metacarpal/metatarsal condyle, and lateral P1 and P2 were significantly longer than their medial counterpart...

Digit ratio (2D:4D) is a trait, which is sexually differentiated in a variety of species. In humans, males typically have shorter second digits (2Ds) (index fingers) compared to fourth digits (4Ds) (ring fingers) whereas females' fingers are more equal in length. Smaller, more masculine, digit ratios are thought to be associated with higher prenatal testosterone levels, greater sensitivity to p...

Case report 2 full-term silvery marmosets (Ca/lithrix argentata) were born to young adults housed on exhibition in the Charles Clore pavilion at London Zoo. The litter comprised 1 female which was stillborn and 1 male born alive of equal size. The stillborn female weighed 35 g and showed distinct deformities of the hands and feet. The facial appearance was flattened and there were a number of d...

Ligand-dependent signalling pathways have been characterised as having morphogen properties where there is a quantitative relationship between receptor activation and response, or threshold characteristics in which there is a binary switch in response at a fixed level of receptor activation. Here we report the use of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based transgenic system in which a hyp...

Objective: Laminitis is one of the main causes of lameness in dairy cattle. In this situation the corium blood circulation is disrupted and the production of healthy horny hoof wall is reduced. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the arteriographic pattern of the digital arterial branches in the laminitic digits and to compare them with the normal digits. Design: Original study. Animals...

In family Lemuridae, anatomical variations exist. Considering its conservation status (near threatened) and presence of similarities between strepsirrhines and primitive animals, it was thought to be beneficial to describe the gross osteology and radiographic anatomy of the pelvis and hind limb of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) as a reference for clinical use and species identification. Radio...

We investigated the evolutionary relationships among populations of two threatened Red Data Book fossorial skinks, Scelotes gronovii and Scelotes kasneri, along the Western Cape Coast of South Africa. The genus Scelotes shows considerable variation in limb and digit reduction. We sampled four localities purported to contain S. gronovii and seven of S. kasneri, encompassing all of each species' ...

Intravenous regional anesthesia was used in an adult dog as part of a balanced approach to general anesthesia for amputation of the 4th digit of its right hind limb. It allowed the concentration of isoflurane to be reduced to 0.5%. Resume Anesthesie regionale intraveineuse (bloc de Bier) chez un chien. Une anesthesie regionale intraveineuse a ete utilisee chez un chien adulte comme composante d...