Background: Thirst is the most common complaint of patients undergoing hemodialysis with stimulating the patient to drink more fluids result in intradialytic weight gain. Thirst leads to some complication including heart problem which is one of the most common causes of death in these patients. Aim: To determine the effect of ice chips on thirst and fluid intake of patients undergoing hemodialy...

Left hemidiaphragm elevation is frequently noted following cardiac surgery employing topical hypothermia. We speculate that contact of the left phrenic nerve with ice causes nerve injury, resulting in left hemidiaphragm paresis or paralysis and left lower lobe atelectasis. Left diaphragm elevation was noted on postoperative chest x-ray examination of 36 of 60 (60 percent) consecutive patients i...

This paper investigates a downlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system with pilot aided channel estimation (PACE) and iterative channel estimation (ICE) in the receiver. Due to the superposition of different users’ spread data signals, zero-valued chips can occur after spreading, which can cause noise enhancement when using data est...

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a downlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system employing a receiver with iterative channel estimation (ICE). The MC-CDMA system transmits several data symbols per user and per orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in parallel, with each data symbol being spread with...

waste tires, rubbers, plastic and steel materials, normally produced in every society, enter the environment and cause serious problems. these problems may, to some extent, be reduced by finding applications for them in engineering, for example, they can be used for geotechnical applications as backfill material and solving problems with low shear strength soils. such materials may be subjected...

This paper investigates various approaches to embed the functionality of in-circuit emulation (ICE) into microprocessor cores in SoC (System-On-Chip) chips. Three styles of ICE’s (hardware-oriented, software-oriented and hybrid) are defined and implemented. They are integrated with a synthesizable ARM7 microprocessor core and synthesized to gate level to quantitatively analyze and compare their...

Waste tires, rubbers, plastic and steel materials, normally produced in every society, enter the environment and cause serious problems. These problems may, to some extent, be reduced by finding applications for them in engineering, for example, they can be used for geotechnical applications as backfill material and solving problems with low shear strength soils. Such materials may be subjected...

This review surveys the advances of microvalves, micropumps, and micromixers within PCR microfluidic chips over the past ten years. First, the types of microvalves in PCR chips are discussed, including active and passive microvalves. The active microvalves are subdivided into mechanical (thermopneumatic and shape memory alloy), non-mechanical (hydrogel, sol-gel, paraffin, and ice), and external...

The objectives of this study were to determine whether oral prophylactic agents are superior to placebo or no treatment on the incidence of oral mucositis and oral candidiasis for patients with cancer. A Cochrane systematic review was conducted of randomized trials of oral (and topical) prophylactic agents for mucositis and oral candidiasis, anywhere in the world, among patients with cancer (ex...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of local application of ice chips, ligno-paraffin, short-wave diathermy, and nitrogen-cold air on skin and intraarticular temperature. METHODS Forty-two healthy subjects were divided into 4 treatment groups. A temperature probe was inserted into the knee joint cavity and another placed on the overlying skin, and changes in temperature over 3 hours, by treatme...