Surface-based radiometric measurements of tropospheric parameters have long provided useful measurements of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid. In this paper, a general overview of physical fundamentals, measurement techniques, and retrieval methodology is given. Then several contemporary instruments are discussed and representative results are presented. Recent and promising developmen...

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The future Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) currently under design at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) would create high-energy particle collisions between electrons and positrons, and provide a tool for scientists to address many of the most compelling questions about the fundamental nature of matter, energy, space and time. In accelerating structure, it is well-established that...

The enhancement-mode MOSFET is the primary active device used in present-day digital and mixed-signal integrated circuit processes. Thus, it is important to introduce this device and associated circuit design methods early in the electronics curriculum. This article discusses four integrated circuit MOSFET amplifier configurations; the current source/active load stage, the source follower, the ...

In order to address the challenges of future integrated circuit design, both logic synthesis and physical design will need to be tightly integrated. This includes integrating the circuit structure information produced by logic synthesis with the placement stage of physical design. The first step is to determine the effects of partitioning decisions on placement performance. This paper describes...