Curcumin has been shown to have numerous cytotoxic effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs). This is due to its suppression of the release of cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-1, which stimulate CSCs, and also to its effects at multiple sites along CSC pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and FAK. In spite of its multiple actions targeting CSCs, curcumin has little toxicity a...

Cytokines are essential modulators of the immune response. In the last decade there has been a number of cytokines considered targets for the development of biological therapies with the goal of blocking their activities and modulate the course of the immune response, primarily in the context of inflammatory diseases. IL-6 was first identified in the mid-1980s [1], but for almost two decades th...