This article proposes a quantitative risk assessment for security systems which have multiple protected assets and a risk-based benefit-cost analysis for decision makers. The proposed methodology consists of five phases: identification of assets, security unit and intrusion path, security unit effectiveness estimation, intrusion path effectiveness estimation, security system risk assessment and...

Remote Internet voting systems still suffer from many security problems which rely on the clients, the servers, and the network connections. Denial-ofservice attacks and viruses still belong to the most challenging security issues. Projects and studies like the “Voting Technology Project” of CALTECH and MIT or SERVE of the US Department of Defense set up to gain experience evidence many of the ...

We study the development of conjunctive keyword searchable scheme which enables one to search encrypted documents by using more than one keyword. The notion of conjunctive keyword searching was presented by Golle et al. in 2004. However, their security model was constructed in a symmetric-key setting which is not applicable for the overall applications in the reality. So Park et al. extended Go...

the chechen republic (commonly referred to as chechnya) is a part of vast territory of russian federation that has been a source of contention since collapse of the soviet :union:. identity elements and tattered cultural bonds have strained ties between two nations of chechnya and russia. various aspects of crisis in chechnya have been addressed by many theoretical approaches of international r...

This paper examines the importance of factor mobility within countries for the manifestation of agglomeration and location effects emphasized in the new economic geography literature. Working with a model of trade under monopolistic competition, the relationship of factor mobility (in particular labor) to industry adjustment and relocation is developed analytically, and then illustrated with a ...

Both notional and grammatical number affect agreement during language production. To explore their workings, we investigated how semantic integration, a type of conceptual relatedness, produces variations in agreement (Solomon & Pearlmutter, 2004). These agreement variations are open to competing notional and lexical-grammatical number accounts. The notional hypothesis is that changes in number...

Notional Defined Contributions (NDC) systems mimic the incentive structure of fully funded social security while preserving Pay-as-you-go nature of most current systems. We study size-preserving reforms which replace the US system with alternative NDCs many contribution rules and deficit/GDP ratios. If one retains mandatory ageindependent contribution rules we find change to an NDC reduce ...