Monosodium glutamate is a sodium salt of a nonessential amino acid, L-glutamic acid, which is widely used in food industry. Glutamate plays an important role in principal brain functions including formation and stabilization of synapses, memory, cognition, learning, as well as cellular metabolism. However, ingestion of foodstuffs rich in monosodium glutamate can result in the outbreak of severa...

We studied production of D-glutamate from L-glutamate using a bioreactor consisting of two columns of sequentially connected immobilized glutamate racemase (EC 5.1.1.3, from Bacillus subtilis IFO 3336) and L-glutamate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.11, from Streptomyces sp. X119-6): L-glutamate was racemized by the glutamate racemase column, and then L-glutamate was oxidized by the L-glutamate oxidase colum...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that has significant beneficial effect on human health. Traditional microbial GABA synthesis requires continuous oxygen supplementation. Here, new anaerobic platform for production was established with engineered C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755, which considered an ideal microbial-cell fact...

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is widely considered to promote feelings of calming and soothing. This effect attributed L-theanine (L-?-glutamylethylamide) in tea, a non-protein amino acid mainly derived from tea leaves. As naturally occurring structural analogue glutamate, competes for the receptors with glutamate able pass blood-brain barrier exert its relaxation effect. review focuses on L-theanine...

The uptake of L-cystine or L-glutamate into cultured human diploid fibroblasts, IMR-90, has been studied. These amino acids appeared to be taken up into the cells via sodium ion-independent uptake system. Inhibition studies using various amino acids provided information about the specificity of the uptake system. The L-cystine or L-glutamate uptake system was shown to exhibit very similar subst...

objective(s): nucleus raphe magnus (nrm) that is involved in the regulation of body temperature contains nitric oxide (no) synthase. considering the effect of no on skin blood flow control, in this study, we assessed its thermoregulatory role within the raphe magnus. materials and methods: to this end, tail blood flow of male wistar rats was measured by laser doppler following the induction of ...