political evolutions and struggles of 19th century prepared the ground for realization of nationalities and emergence of nationalist movements. the realization of national identity in countries such as iran, turkey and egypt was partly due to the emphasis of governments on glorious history or ancient modernity of these nations. emergence of nationalism in any country is affected by political, ...

liberal thinkers believe that one of the main features of liberal public philosophy is the liberal state neutrality among competing attitudes of happiness. hence, one of the liberal ideals is that state refrains to determine the public goods and guiding people towards a particular virtue and so state remains neutral among opposition and competing views in this regard. by studying the books and ...

The Relation of Vocational Training to Academic Education M. Bohlooli Faskhoodi S. Zarghami, Ph.D. Y. Ghaedi, Ph.D. R. Barkhordari, Ph.D. The traditional approach to education advocates a dichotomy between vocational training and academic education. Some scholars contend that the knowledge which resides in minds of individuals is more valuable than hands-on skills, wherea...

The rise of China in peacebuilding has invoked lively debate about its role vis-à-vis the dominant order, or liberal peace. Extant research revolves around binary construct challenger-versus-supporter, ignoring nature and scope challenges that poses to Also, these studies tend unidimensionally examine China’s stance on particular elements There is scant assessing against overall normative struc...

At present liberal education is generally understood and justified as the acquisition of critical thinking skills and individual autonomy. Traditionally, however, the ultimate purpose of liberal education has been leisure. Freedom, it was thought, was not simply the result of critical thinking but also required the cultivation of leisure that involved a vigilant receptivity — a stillness from t...