The wind’s effectiveness was compared in different points of a watershed using a quantity called The Wind Shelter Index.The wind’s effectiveness was compared in different points of a watershed using a quantity called The Wind Shelter Index. It is necessary to choose a distance called the effective distance in the process of this index determination. The criterion already used for this purpose w...

Water is one of the most critical resources derived from natural systems. While it has long been recognized that forest disturbances like fire influence watershed streamflow characteristics, individual studies have reported conflicting results with some showing streamflow increases postdisturbance and others decreases, while other watersheds are insensitive to even large disturbance events. Cha...

—Data on Snowy Owl ( Nyctea scandiaca) reproduction on Wrangel Island were collected for six seasons fr om a total of 423 nests. Nest densities ranged fr om 0.15 to 0.40 nests/km 2. Mean clutch size for all 6 years was 6.5 (fr om 5.3 to 8.4) being significantly higher during low lemming season (7.17) (N = 29) than for peak lemming season (6.0, p < 0.001). Clutch size corr elated with weather co...

the purpose of this descriptive-correlation study was to investigate effective factors on rural people’s non-participation of mahabad’s dam catchment in watershed management projects. the research instrument was structural questionnaire with close-ended questions, which its validity confirmed by panel of academic staff and reliability of questionnaire was confirmed. the target population of thi...

Habitat use has important consequences for avian reproductive success and survival. In coastal areas with recreational activity, human disturbance may limit use of otherwise suitable habitat. Snowy plovers Charadrius nivosus have a patchy breeding distribution along the coastal areas on the Florida Panhandle, USA. Our goal was to determine the relative effects of seasonal human disturbance and ...

In order to better understand the nature of disturbances to wintering snowy plovers, I observed snowy plovers and activities that might disturb them at a beach near Devereux Slough in Santa Barbara, California, USA. Disturbance (activity that caused plovers to move or fly) to wintering populations of threatened western snowy plovers was 16 times higher at a public beach than at protected beache...

A problem confronting Snowy Owls (Nyctea scandiaca) in their southern incursions is the shortage of food. This difficulty is raised by the presence of other raptors that feed on small mammals. This note shows how little food is found by migrant Snowy Owls and indicates a complex temporary ecological solution. At Tatoosh Island, Washington (48”24’ N, 124” 44’ W) on 25 November 1973, we observed ...