the notion of absorbent ordered filters in implicative semigroupsis introduced, and its fuzzification is considered. relations among (fuzzy) orderedfilters, (fuzzy) absorbent ordered filters, and (fuzzy) positive implicativeordered filters are stated. the extensionproperty for (fuzzy) absorbent orderedfilters is established. conditions for (fuzzy) ordered filters to be (fuzzy)absorbent ordered ...

the aim of this paper is to extend results established by h. onoand t. kowalski regarding directly indecomposable commutative residuatedlattices to the non-commutative case. the main theorem states that a residuatedlattice a is directly indecomposable if and only if its boolean center b(a)is {0, 1}. we also prove that any linearly ordered residuated lattice and anylocal residuated lattice are d...

in this paper, we study some ring theoretic properties of the amalgamated duplication ring $rbowtie i$ of a commutative noetherian ring $r$ along an ideal $i$ of $r$ which was introduced by d'anna and fontana. indeed, it is determined that when $rbowtie i$ satisfies serre's conditions $(r_n)$ and $(s_n)$, and when is a normal ring, a generalized cohen-macaulay ring and finally a filter ring.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Periodic Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Periodic Pillars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Summar...

This study involves in vitro androgenesis of Zea mays L. via anther culture. In the first experiment, three embryo induction media were tested in ETH-M82 genotype of maize. The results showed that the embryo structures were established 2 to 3 weeks after culturing the anthers. The effect of induction medium was signifi­cant for embryo frequencies. The obtained results confirm that the induction...

Stack filters are nonlinear filters used for image processing (examples: median filters, order statistics). In the translation-invariant case a stack filter is determined by a positive Boolean function b. Many important properties of stack filters (idempotency, co-idempotency, order relations) can be tested in polynomial time if the DNF and/or CNF of b are known. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights...