Osteocalcin (OCN) is a small noncollagenous protein mainly produced by osteoblasts and is highly represented in bones of most vertebrates. Human OCN contains up to three gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla-OCN) residues at positions 17, 21 and 24 which are thought to increase calcium binding strength, improving mechanical properties of the bone matrix. Recent studies revealed that OCN exerts also i...

Osteocalcin (OCN) is an osteoblast-derived hormone that increases energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance. The cDNA sequence of OCN predicts that, like many other peptide hormones, OCN is first synthesized as a prohormone (pro-OCN). The importance of pro-OCN maturation in regulating OCN and the identity of the endopeptidase responsible for pro-OCN cleav...

The endocrine role of the skeleton in regulating energy metabolism is supported by a feed-forward loop between circulating osteoblast (OB)-derived undercarboxylated osteocalcin (Glu-OCN) and pancreatic β-cell insulin; in turn, insulin favors osteocalcin (OCN) bioactivity. These data suggest the existence of a negative regulation of this cross talk between OCN and insulin. Recently, we identifie...

An Octagon-Cell Interconnected Network (OCN) has many attractive features. To represent OCN an undirected graph G = (V, E) is used, in which V is the set of nodes in the graph and E is the set of edges in the graph. Already the optimal routing algorithm had been presented with its features in our past research work. This research paper presents the optimal routing algorithm for horizontal movin...

Recent research suggested a metabolic implication of osteocalcin (OCN) in e.g. insulin sensitivity or steroid production. We used an untargeted metabolomics approach by analyzing plasma and urine samples of 931 participants using mass spectrometry to reveal further metabolic actions of OCN. Several detected relations between OCN and metabolites were strongly linked to renal function, however, a...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D). A pro-calcific drift of circulating monocytes has been linked to vascular calcification and is marked by the surface expression of osteocalcin (OCN). We studied OCN+ monocytes in a unique population with ≥50 years of T1D, the 50-Year Joslin Medalists (J50M). METHODS CD45 bright/CD14+/OCN+ cells in ...

Osteocalcin (OCN) is an osteoblast-derived hormone favoring glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, male fertility, brain development, and cognition. Before being secreted by osteoblasts in the bone extracellular matrix, OCN is γ-carboxylated by the γ-carboxylase (GGCX) on three glutamic acid residues, a cellular process requiring reduction of vitamin K (VK) by a second enzyme, a reductase cal...

BACKGROUND Exercise stimulates bone remodeling and improves insulin sensitivity (Si), even without associated weight loss. Osteocalcin (OCN), a bone-derived protein, is associated with improved Si. PURPOSE We examined how daily physical activity is associated with OCN and Si. METHODS Physical activity was measured through questionnaires completed in Minneapolis from 2010-2012. A physical ac...

983 Christopher Fountain, RN, OCN®, is a staff nurse; Lindi Goins, RN, OCN®, is the assistant head nurse; Molly Hartman, RN, OCN®, Nancy Phelps, RN, OCN®, and Debra Scoles, RN, OCN®, are staff nurses; and Victoria Hays, RN, MN, CNS, APRN-BC, is a clinical nurse specialist, all in the oncology unit of Providence Portland Medical Center in Oregon. Mention of specific products and opinions related...

We organize this set of notes around a few theorems of Weierstrass. Write OCn for the sheaf of holomorphic functions on C. In the first three sections, we deduce the following “algebraic” results as consequences of the Weierstrass theorems: (i) for each open set Ω ⊂ C, the ring OCn(Ω) is not Noetherian, (ii) the local ring OCn,0 is factorial, (iii) the local ring OCn,0 is Noetherian. The two la...