OBJECTIVES We sought to test how catheter ablation using an open irrigation catheter (OIC) compares with standard catheters for pulmonary vein antrum isolation. BACKGROUND Open irrigation catheters have the advantage of delivering greater power without increasing the temperature of the catheter tip, which enables deeper and wider lesions without the formation of coagulum on catheters. METHO...

INTRODUCTION Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common consequence of opioid use for chronic pain. OIC creates problems for patients independent of their pain syndromes, in addition to threatening pain treatment effectiveness. Healthcare practitioners need to be alert to how patients talk about OIC so that it is not missed. Using a survey mechanism, we sought patient expressions of the pers...

Bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the anti-HIV-1-active MeOH extract from the leaves and twigs of Polyalthia sclerophylla led to the isolation of two new compounds, ENT-kaur-sclerodimer ( 1) and cyclotucanol 3-palmitate ( 2), along with the known ENT-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid ( 3), 15 beta-hydroxy- ENT-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid ( 4), 15 beta-acetoxy- ENT-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid ( 5), 1...

This paper investigates the capacity of general multiple-input single-output (MISO) optical intensity channels (OICs) under per-antenna peak- and average-intensity constraints. We first consider MISO equal-cost constrained OIC (EC-OIC), where, apart from peak-intensity constraint, average intensities inputs are <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.or...

in this paper, the effect of trade openness on growth is examined across the members of organization of the islamic conference (oic) by using convergence-growth equation and gmm-system dynamic panel data estimator over the period 1980-2009. the results show that the overall trade, the trade with non-oic countries, and the investment in physical and human capital stimulate economic growth. in co...

Two new ent-kauren-19-oic acid derivatives, ent-14S*-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid and ent-14S*,17–dihydroxykaur-15-en-19-oic acid together with eleven known compounds entkaur-16-en-19-oic acid, ent-kaur-16-en-19-al, ent-12β-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid, ent12β-acetoxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid, 8R,13R-epoxylabd-14-ene, eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6αdiol, (–)-7-epivaleran-4-one, germacra-4(15),5E, 10(14)-...

In this paper we will investigate the “Ought implies Can” (OIC) thesis. We will concentrate on explanations and interpretations of OIC, clarifying its uses and relevance. The OIC thesis is relevant to debates that ranges from semantics and pragmatics to legal philosophy, deontic logic and the philosophy of action and mind. We state the different theses that have been proposed concerning OIC and...

BACKGROUND Opioids are effective for acute and chronic pain conditions, but their use is associated with often difficult-to-manage constipation and other gastrointestinal (GI) effects due to effects on peripheral μ-opioid receptors in the gut. The mechanism of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) differs from that of functional constipation (FC), and OIC may not respond as well to most first-line ...

BACKGROUND Labdane-type diterpenes induce lower blood pressure via relaxation of vascular smooth muscle; however, there are no studies describing the effects of labdanes in hypertensive rats. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate the cardiovascular actions of the labdane-type diterpene ent-3-acetoxy-labda-8(17), 13-dien-15-oic acid (labda-15-oic acid) in two-kidney 1 clip (2...

BACKGROUND Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) can be a debilitating side effect of opioid therapy and may result in increased medical costs. The published data on the economic burden of OIC among long-term opioid users are limited. OBJECTIVE To assess the economic burden of OIC in patients with noncancer pain in a managed care population in the United States. METHODS This retrospective study...