purpose : to evaluate the results of anterior and nasal transposition (ant) of the inferior oblique muscle (io) in patients with the io muscle overaction methods : this retrospective case series included patients with io muscles overaction, in whom ant of the io muscle was performed. in patient with simultaneous horizontal deviation, horizontal strabismus surgery was also performed. they were e...

Background: In 1991, Wright described a superior oblique expander procedure for browns syndrome and superior overaction with good results. Originally, this procedure has been performed with silicone band expander. The aim of this study was to report the results of treatment of a series of patients with A-pattern strabismus associated with overacting superior oblique muscle using the fascia lata...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin-a (bta) injection into the inferior oblique (io) muscle in releaving the symptoms of superior oblique (so) palsy. methods: the study was conducted on patients who were referred for acquired so palsy with less than 2 years of duration. about 10-20 unit of bta was injected into the belly of the inferior oblique muscle through the inferotemporal q...

this article presents a new technique for weakening the superior oblique muscle by lengthening it's tendon. lengthening is accomplished by a nasal superior oblique tenotomy, and by inserting a segment of silicone band 240 between the cut ends of the tendon. this technique is useful for the treatment of brown syndrome and cases with superior oblique overaction.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Congenital superior oblique palsy is known to relate to trochlear nerve absence and a variable degree of superior oblique muscle hypoplasia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether superior oblique muscle volume predicts trochlear nerve absence in congenital superior oblique palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of high-resolution MR imaging to e...

Retroplacement and torsional manipulation of the globe during forced duction testing provide an exaggerated traction test of the oblique muscles, allowing graded evaluation of superior oblique and inferior oblique tightness. On a scale from 0 to 4 +, normal superior oblique tightness averages 1.5+, and normal inferior oblique tightness averages about 1+. The degree of superior oblique or inferi...

BACKGROUND Congenital superior oblique palsy is usually associated with a structural abnormality of the superior oblique tendon. There have been many reports of familial congenital superior oblique palsy. However, there has been no MRI documentation of familial superior oblique hypoplasia. METHODS Ophthalmological examination and orbital MRI were performed in three patients in a pedigree with...

conclusions the study findings indicate that short-term exercises had no significant effect on the ratio of vmo to vl muscle fiber angles in patients with pfps. results there were no significant differences in the muscle strength and fiber angle of the vmo, vl oblique and longus muscles after training between the control and experimental groups (p > 0.05). patients and methods thirty-five subje...

b ackground: in 1991, wright described a superior oblique expander procedure for browns syndrome and superior overaction with good results. originally, this procedure has been performed with silicone band expander. the aim of this study was to report the results of treatment of a series of patients with a-pattern strabismus associated with overacting superior oblique muscle using the fascia lat...

An oblique effect is evident in vernier acuity for abutting lines. In Experiment 1 we show that the oblique effect in vernier acuity exists over a range of contrast levels, and is evident even when the horizontal and oblique lines are equally detectable or discriminable. Since this oblique effect cannot be explained by the lower visibility of oblique vernier lines or of the "dipole" cue, it is ...