Most studies that consider the relationship of diatoms andwater quality have focused their attention on the questions and practicalities of water pollution or perturbations in some form or another. Many models and studies have demonstrated the environmental tolerances or changes in structure of diatom communities related to environmental challenges. This focus on the impacted end of the water q...

26 The Mediterranean Sea shows a peculiar anomaly in its nutrient pattern compared to the 27 global ocean, as there is decrease in nutrient concentration from west to east. This 28 feature has been attributed to the anti-estuarine circulation at the Strait of Gibraltar, 29 where an eastward flow of Atlantic nutrient-poor surface waters is compensated by a 30 westward counter-current of Mediterr...

The human environment is predominantly not aqueous, and microbes are ubiquitous at the surface-air interfaces with which we interact. Yet microbial studies at surface-air interfaces are largely survival-oriented, whilst microbial metabolism has overwhelmingly been investigated from the perspective of liquid saturation. This study explored microbial survival and metabolism under desiccation, par...

The notion that excess phosphorus (P) and high irradiance favour pelagic diazotrophy is difficult to reconcile with diazotroph behaviour in laboratory experiments and also with the observed distribution of N2-fixing Trichodesmium, e.g. in the relatively nitrogen (N)-rich North Atlantic Ocean. Nevertheless, this view currently provides the stateof-the-art framework to understand both past dynami...