Nature of Work: Commercial production and management of ornamental groundcovers is especially difficult due to the cyclic nature of market demand. During peak periods, production cannot keep pace with demand due to many species possessing strong apical dominance resulting in few cuttings per stock plant (3). Secondly, vining plants held during the slack market periods become entwined and requir...

trifolium spp. are native plants in iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. the main aim of this research was to study morphological and physiological adaptations of these native species under different salinity levels for urban landscape u...