TRP ion channels are ubiquitously present in the mammalian body and take part in numerous key physiological functions, including temperature sensing, taste perception, osmo-regulation, cardiac function, renal function, development, and glucose homeostasis. The mechanisms whereby TRP channels are transported to the plasma membrane, where most of them exert their physiological actions, remains a ...

Homer Smith (1930) originally outlined the special osmo-regulatory mechanisms of the marine teleosts; he postulated that these animals continually drink sea water, absorb monovalent ions in the gut and simultaneously excrete excess ions, mainly through the gills, in order to maintain a constant blood concentration lower than that of the external sea water. There have been no reported in vitro t...

Sumoylation, a post-translational protein modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), has been implicated in many stress responses. Here we analyzed the potential role of sumoylation in osmo-response in yeast. We find that osmotic stress induces rapid accumulation of sumoylated species in normal yeast cells. Interestingly, disruption of MAP kinase Hog1 leads to a much higher level of ...

Studying salt stress is an important means to the understanding of plant ion homeostasis and osmo-balance. Salt stress research also benefits agriculture because soil salinity significantly limits plant productivity on agricultural lands. Decades of physiological and molecular studies have generated a large body of literature regarding potential salt tolerance determinants. Recent advances in a...

Besides its role in digestion and nutrient absorption, the crustacean gut participates in osmo/ionic regulation. We investigate microanatomy, ionic permeability and transepithelial electrophysiological parameters in the mid- and hindguts of three hyperosmoregulating crabs that inhabit estuarine waters (Chasmagnathus granulata), brackish mangrove swamp (Sesarma rectum) or freshwater (Dilocarcinu...

Object-space model optimization (OSMO) has been proven to be a simple and high-accuracy approach for additive manufacturing of tomographic reconstructions compared with other approaches. In this paper, an improved OSMO algorithm is proposed in the context OSMO. addition two steps each iteration OSMO, another are introduced: one step enhances target regions’ in-part edges intermediate model, wea...

Hydrothermal vent organisms have evolved physiological adaptations to cope with extreme abiotic conditions including temperature and pH. To date, acid-base regulatory abilities of vent organisms are poorly investigated, although this physiological feature is essential for survival in low pH environments. We report the acid-base regulatory mechanisms of a hydrothermal vent crab, Xenograpsus test...

Vertebrates evolved an endothelium-lined hemostatic system and a pump-driven pressurized circulation with a finely-balanced coagulation cascade and elaborate blood pressure control over the past 500 million years. Genome analyses have identified principal components of the ancestral coagulation system, however, how this complex trait was originally regulated is largely unknown. Likewise, little...