background: alcohol is a substance that is consumed widely around the world. there are different interpretations regarding the effects of alcohol on athletic performance. today, alcohol is introduced as a contributing factor for increasing athletic performance by some sport clubs. methods: the purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of alcohol on athletic performance. pubmed, scop...

Many patients with edema of congestive cardiac failure, nephrosis, and cirrhosis become refractory to all diuretic therapy. Theoretically, the use ia adequate dosage of osmotic diuretics whose action is dependent upon physical factors should augment sodium, chloride, and water excretion from whatever level exists prior to their use. In refractory edema, the effect of other diuretics (via altera...

The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 2 (NKCC2) was thought to be kidney specific. Here we show expression in the brain hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS), wherein upregulation follows osmotic stress. The HNS controls osmotic stability through the synthesis and release of the neuropeptide hormone, arginine vasopressin (AVP). AVP travels through the bloodstream to the kidney, where it promotes water...

Demyelination is characterized by the loss of myelin with the preservation of axons. Demyelinating diseases can be classified into several categories: demyelination due to inflammation, viral infection, osmotic derangements and hypoxic ischemia. In particular, osmotic myelinolysis is representative, and is associated with hyperosmolality, hypokalemia or rapid correction of hyponatremia. Osmotic...

The mechanism of cellular swelling induced by extra-cellular lactic acidosis and the effect of diuretics were studied using neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells. The cells were incubated in one of three lactate concentrations (0, 15, or 30 mM), each of which was randomized to one of three pH groups (7.4, 6.2, or 5.0). Analysis of the swelling was measured using a Coulter counter techniq...

Background: Alcohol is a substance that is consumed widely around the world. There are different interpretations regarding the effects of alcohol on athletic performance. Today, alcohol is introduced as a contributing factor for increasing athletic performance by some sport clubs. Methods: The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of alcohol on athletic performance. PubMed, Scop...

this is a letter to editor.there is growing interest in the health benefits of botanical diuretics. (1-2) ‎avicenna (980-1037 ad), the foremost iranian physician,‎‏ ‏introduced ‎numerous herbs as diuretics in his renowned book of canon of medicine. (3)‎avicenna and his followers have recommended herbal diuretics for most ‎ailments accompanied by fluid superabundance like lassitude, oedema, and ...

SUMMARY Colonoscopy is a useful tool in modern medicine and is increasingly employed for both diagnostic and treatment reasons. However, its effectiveness is highly reliant on the quality of bowel cleansing. Among different bowel-cleansing agents available, PEG (polyethylene glycol) is considered to be the safest cleansing agent, especially in relation to fluid and electrolyte problems. We pres...