In this paper, for any non-empty subset C of a pseudo BCI-algebra X, the concept of p-closure of C, denoted by C(pc), is introduced and some related properties are investigated. Applying this concept, a characterization of the minimal elements of X is given. It is proved that C(pc) is the least closed pseudo BCI-ideal of X containing C and K(X) for any ideal C of X...

background: there is some evidence indicating improvement in myocardial performance after atrial septal defect closure, either device closure or surgical, but ventricular dyssynchrony has not been evaluated before and after surgical closure. the aim of this study was to evaluate ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with atrial septal defect before and after surgical closure. methods:...

A propositional system of modal logic is second-order if it contains quantifiers ∀p and ∃p, which, in the standard interpretation, are construed as ranging over sets of possible worlds (propositions). Most second-order systems of modal logic are highly intractable; for instance, when augmented with propositional quantifiers, K, B, T, K4 and S4 all become effectively equivalent to full second-or...

The sensitivity condition on knowledge says that one knows that P only if one would not believe that P if P were false. Difficulties for this condition are now well documented. Keith DeRose has recently suggested a revised sensitivity condition that is designed to avoid some of these difficulties. We argue, however, that there are decisive objections to DeRose’s revised condition. Yet rather th...

It is proved deenability in FO+IFP of a global linear ordering on vertices of strongly extensional (SE) nitely-branching graphs. In the case of nite SE graphs this also holds for FO+LFP. This gives capturing results for PTIME computability on the latter class of graphs by FO+LFP and FO+IFP, and also on the corresponding anti-founded universe HFA of hereditarily-nite sets by a language of a boun...

In this paper a new type of fuzzy regularity, viz. fuzzy p∗regularity has been introduced and studied by a newly defined closure operator, viz., fuzzy p∗-closure operator. Also we have found the mutual relationship of this closure operator among other closure operators defined earlier. In p∗-regular space, p∗-closure operator is an idempotent operator. In the last section, p∗-closure operator h...