the study was carried out in the ilam oak forest that is located in the west part of iran. the objective of this research was to determine the plant ecological groups and site classification in this region. data were collected from 117 sample plots using the systematic-random sampling method. the size of sampling plots was 20 m?20 m for the tree and shrub species and 1.5 m ?1.5 m for herbaceous...

We suggest Milankovitch climate oscillations as a common cause for geographical patterns in species diversity, species' range sizes, polyploidy, and the degree of specialization and dispersability of organisms. Periodical changes in the orbit of the Earth cause climatic changes termed Milankovitch oscillations, leading to large changes in the size and location of species' geographical distribut...

The Object Relation Diagram (ORD) of a program is a class interdependence diagram which has applications in a wide variety of software engineering problems (e.g., integration testing, integration coverage analysis, regression testing, impact analysis, program understanding, and reverse engineering). Because the imprecision of the ORD directly affects the practicality of its usage, it is importa...

In Drosophila males and females mutant for the ord gene, sister chromatids prematurely disjoin in meiosis. We have isolated five new alleles of ord and analyzed them both as homozygotes and in trans to deficiencies for the locus, and we show that ord function is necessary early in meiosis of both sexes. Strong ord alleles result in chromosome nondisjunction in meiosis I that appears to be the c...