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The mechanisms behind protein PEGylation are complex and dictated by the structure of the protein reactant. Hence, it is difficult to design a reaction process which can produce the desired PEGylated form at high yield. Likewise, efficient purification processes following protein PEGylation must be constructed on an ad hoc basis for each product. The retention and binding mechanisms driving ele...

Cysteine PEGylation includes several steps, and is difficult to manage in practice. In the current investigation, the cysteine PEGylation of erythropoietin analogs was examined using computational and nonglycosylated systems to define a simpler approach for specific PEGylation. Two model analogs (E31C and E89C) were selected for PEGylation based on lowest structural deviation from the native fo...

Cholesterol–PEG–Cholesterol could be a new alternative for PEGylation of liposomes.

objective:at the present study, relationship between phagocytosis of plga particles and combined effects of particle size and surface pegylation was investigated.  materials and methods:microspheres and nanospheres (3500 nm and 700 nm) were prepared from three types of plga polymers (non-pegylated and pegylation percents of 9% and 15%). these particles were prepared by solvent evaporation metho...

Background: DAB389IL-2 is considered a fusion immunotoxin and it is used for the CTCL therapy. DAB389IL-2 includes of two distinct portions; the catalytic domain of diphtheria toxin and IL-2. DAB389IL-2 duo to the presence of a free cysteine residue (Cys 513 in IL-2 part) is prone to unwanted intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds formation and aggregation problems. Aggregation is co...

Surface modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG; PEGylation) is a widely used technique to improve nanoparticle (NP) stability, biocompatibility, and biodistribution profiles. In particular, PEGylation of silica surfaces and coatings plays a pivotal role across various classes of NPs. Despite the use of numerous protocols there is limited fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of these ...

PEGylation in polymeric nanomedicine has gained substantial predominance in biomedical applications due to its resistance to protein absorption, which is critically important for a therapeutic delivery system in blood circulation. The shielding layer of PEGylation, however, creates significant steric hindrance that negatively impacts cellular uptake and intracellular distribution at the target ...

Despite the critical role of erythropoietin (EPO) as therapeutic agent in treatment of anemia, its consumption is limited due to several disadvantages including the product short half-life, immunogenicity and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. To overcome these drawbacks efficient methods such as site-specific PEGylation have been developed among witch N-terminal PEGylation has found mo...