in order to ensure the safety of parenterals, international pharmacopoeias and national standards have set up stringent guidelines and standards. particulate con- tamination is a potential health risk caused by intravenous injection of particles large enough to potentially clog the small arteries. particles could be produced through manufacturing and packaging or even dispensing of the pharmace...

body, being contained in infusion solutions not only cause infusion-related phlebitis but also have been suggested to damage various organs such as the lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, and spleen. However, in Asian countries such as Japan, adequate attention is not paid to particulate contamination of parenteral solutions. For example, many drugs in glass ampoules are added to parenteral nutrition...

UNLABELLED Clinicians have had concerns about particulate matter contamination of injectable drug products since the development of the earliest intravenous therapeutics. All parenteral products contain particulate matter, and particulate matter contamination still has the potential to cause harm to patients. With tens of millions of doses of injectable drug products administered in the United ...

For a TeV energy particle physics, R&D of electron/positron linear colliders has been conducted very hard at many laboratories. Development of high field gradient cavities is one of key issues to realize such a machine. Field emission loading is a dominant phenomenon limiting high field. Particulate contamination on the inner surface is a main source of field emission. In this paper, we report ...

      In order to ensure the safety of parenterals, international pharmacopoeias and national standards have set up stringent guidelines and standards. Particulate con- tamination is a potential health risk caused by intravenous injection of particles large enough to potentially clog the small arteries. Particles could be produced through manufacturing and packaging or even dispensing of the ph...

We have addressed potential contamination of PM(2.5) filter samples by nicotine from cigarette smoke. We collected two nicotine samples - one nicotine sampling filter was placed inline after the collection of PM(2.5) and the other stood alone. The overall correlation between the two nicotine filter levels was 0.99. The nicotine collected on the "stand-alone" filter was slightly greater than tha...