Pentoxifylline a derivative of methylxanthine and nonspecific inhibitor the phosphodiesterase with vasodilatory properties rheological on blood that made it useful in treatment intermittent claudication.

We describe the kinetics of pentoxifylline formation from lisofylline in human liver microsomes using selective inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isozymes, correlation studies with specific isozyme activities, and cDNA-expressed human CYP1A2 and 2E1. A biphasic model fitted the data best for the formation of pentoxifylline, Km1 = 0.282 +/- 0.135 microM, Vmax1 = 0.003 +/- 0.001 nmol/min/mg protein, ...

PURPOSE To determine if there is sufficient evidence to recommend the addition of pentoxifylline to standard ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy in chronic kidney disease patients to reduce proteinuria and preserve kidney function.  METHODS A search of the literature was conducted using the PubMed.gov and ClinicalTrials.gov search engines and the search terms "pentoxifylline renoprotection", "pento...

Pentoxifylline is known to have major effects on cell membrane function in mammalian cells, including human leukocytes. The protective effects of this agent in animal models of infection and inflammation may be due to alterations in phagocyte (neutrophil and macrophage) function. However, the exact mechanism of action of pentoxifylline is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the d...

Pentoxifylline can decrease the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) by endotoxin-stimulated macrophages and may improve survival in animals with overwhelming bacterial sepsis. In this study various doses of pentoxifylline were administered to mice with systemic Candida albicans infection to determine its effect on serum TNF alpha levels, organ fungal burden, and host survival...

A 78-year-old woman was found dead in her basement. Qualitative screening of available postmortem specimens detected the presence of diltiazem and pentoxifylline. Quantitations were carried out by gas chromatography using nitrogen-phosphorus detection and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the following results: blood, 0.59 mg/dL diltiazem and 0.63 mg/dL pentoxifylline; urin...

Neutrophil adherence within the gastric microcirculation is thought to be a major step in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage induced by indomethacin. Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, prevents leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium and protects organs from shock by reducing tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) concentrations. Rats were treated with 20 mg/kg oral indo...

OBJECTIVE Most coronary artery bypass grafts are done by applying cardiopulmonary bypass, which usually induces unwanted inflammatory reactions and impairs the outcomes. In order to minimize the perilous response of cardiopulmonary bypass, pentoxifylline was getting used orally. METHODS In a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, 178 coronary artery bypass graft candidate...

Purpose : To 1) evaluate the embryotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide on mouse embryo development and 2) examine if pentoxifylline can reverse hydrogen peroxide induced embryotoxicity. Methods : Prospective in vitro study examining the effects of varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and pentoxifylline on the blastocyst development rate alone as well as in combination. Results : A dose-de...

Hyperoxia has been used extensively as a model of acute lung injury. The drug pentoxifylline has been shown to have a protective effect in other models of lung injury. We sought to determine whether pentoxifylline protects against hyperoxic lung injury in rats by decreasing the accumulation of neutrophils within the lung. A total of 84 rats were studied. Twenty four rats were randomized into fo...