Since the structure and foundation are built on soil, the soil is the major platform by which seismic vibrations are transmitted to the structure, and has noticeable effects on the response and behavior of structure during earthquakes. In this research, the recently introduced Performance-based plastic design (PBPD) and its modified Performance-based plastic design (MPBPD) method in which soil ...

In this research, Performance-Based Plastic Design (PBPD) method has been modified according to the proposed method for considering Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI) effects. In the proposed modified method, based on the existing relationships and in order to maintain the simplicity of the PBPD design method, two important parameters have been modified in the PBPD design method. These two parame...

Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPSW) is an emerging seismic load-resistant system that, compared to other systems, enjoys the advantages of stable ductile behavior, fewer detailing requirements, rapid constructability, and economy. American seismic provisions decree that a SPSW should be designed as a moment frame with a web infill plate. Specifically, in case of buildings taller than 160 ft, it decre...

This paper presents the key design points of buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) by using the performance-based plastic design (PBPD) methodology. This method is based on energy-work balance concept and uses pre-selected target drift and yield mechanism as design criteria. Based on multi-mode pushover and time-history analyses, a simple equation is developed for computing yield drift rati...

Under major load earthquakes, reinforced concrete structures designed according to the current codes will experience an inelastic deformation which is difficult predict and control. Performance-based plastic design (PBPD) methodology applied forward in this study. In method, as performance criteria, target drift yield mechanisms are preselected. Based on work-energy balance principle, base shea...

The high level of cross-linking found in Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan is dependent on the low-molecular-weight penicillin-binding protein PBP4. Recently, the PBP4 gene, pbpD, was cloned and shown to be adjacent to and divergently transcribed relative to the putative ABC-type transporter gene, abcA. Disruption of abcA (in strain KB400) was previously shown to result in heightened resistan...

The gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 4 (PBP 4) of Bacillus subtilis, pbpD, was cloned by two independent methods. PBP 4 was purified, and the amino acid sequence of a cyanogen bromide digestion product was used to design an oligonucleotide probe for identification of the gene. An oligonucleotide probe designed to hybridize to genes encoding class A high-molecular-weight PBPs also identi...

an evolutionary structural optimization (eso) method is used for plastic design of frames. based on safe theorems some criteria are derived and made an effort to satisfy them during the optimization process. in this regard, equilibrium is checked and yield condition is gradually satisfied during the optimization process. in this method, the amount of used material and the stiffness for each ele...