High-density polyethylene pipes (HDPE), crossbonded polyethylene pipes (PEX) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes for drinking water were tested with respect to migration of volatile organic components (VOC) to water. The odour of water in contact with plastic pipes was assessed according to the quantitative threshold odour number (TON) concept. A major migrating component from HDPE pipes was 2,4...

Free-reed organ pipes were introduced at the end of the 18 century and soon became popular across Europe, especially in Germany and Switzerland. As opposed to striking-reed pipes (boundor beating-reed pipes) the reed in free-reed pipes does not beat against the shallot, an orifice in the reed, when it is played. Instead it swings freely through a perforated rectangular plate of brass, like in r...

Buried pipes in the modern societies are considered as lifelines with a vital and essential role in the human life cycle. The performance of buried pipes is affected by many factors such as ground surface subsidence. In this paper, the effect of subsidence on pipelines is investigated using a three-dimensional numerical modeling developed in FLAC3D software for four types of most commonly used ...

In this article various pipes used for transporting of gas are introduced and pros and cons of each one are elucidated. The pipes are categorized in three different subgroups including metallic, polymeric and metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes. Metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes are nominated as the best option for usage in high pressure pipelines transporting natural gas. As a resu...

background: various chemicals are used to produce polymers ,leakage of polymer materials over the time , can cause health problems the aim of this research was to evaluate the leakage of heavy metals from the pvc and polypropylene pipes used in the water distribution system in isfahan. methods: four brands of pp pipes and two various types of pvc pipes were analyzed in this study. concentration...

A parametric study on circular thin-walled pipes subjected to pure bending is performed. Both straight and curved pipes are considered. Ratio D/t, initial pipe curvature and internal pressure are the parameters varying in the analyses. The study is mainly FEA-based. It is found that negative curvatures (opposite to bending moment) considerably increase stiffness and buckling limit of the pipe w...

This paper describes development of a three somites earthworm type mobile inspection robot which is able to move in long pipes. We have many small diameter pipes which are gas or water pipes for individual or corporate houses and boilers or hot water pipes for industries. They are settled in the ground horizontally or in the narrow spaces vertically and some of them are covered by casings or ha...

This article utilizes the experimental method to investigate the thermal performance of heat sinks with one and two pairs of embedded heat pipes. A heat sink with embedded heat pipes transfers the total heat capacity from the heat source to both the base plate and heat pipes, and then disperses heat into the surrounding air via the forced convection. The heat transference from base plate to fin...

One approach to solve the end to end (E2E) quality of services (QoS) problem of multimedia services delivery over multi-domain IP heterogeneous network infrastructures in a scaleable manner is the establishment of long term QoS enabled aggregated pipes. To allow dynamism, the actual service invocation of these pipes can be made as a separate action from the pipes subscription. This paper propos...

The results of a metallographic study of grey cast iron water pipes are reported. These pipes had been installed between 1885 and 1973 in eight different water systems. Each pipe had been extracted during scheduled maintenance or failure repairs to provide data for a larger study to produce a methodology for determining the residual life of grey cast iron pipes. This metallographic study was co...