A river carries pollutants to people living along it if it is polluted. To make the water in the river clean, some costs are incurred. This poses a question of how to split the costs of cleaning the whole river among the agents located along it. To answer this question, we resort to the two main advocated doctrines in international disputes: the theory of Absolute Territorial Sovereignty (ATS) ...

Accumulation of nickel, lead, copper and zinc in the liver of a freshwater fish, Tor putitora has been studied from polluted waters of River Kabul at two different sites and compared with those from pristine Warsak Dam reservoir upstream of polluted part of the River Kabul. The liver of fish from polluted site showed higher concentration of zinc (1300% and 3100%), nickel (21.1% and 25.5%), lead...

Alga as Achnanthes minutissima among diatoms is a widely adaptable taxon on the state of an aquatic environment. In this study, it was found that diatom had a specific tolerance to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd etc.) in river water samples, because the diatom assemblage consisted of almost only Achnanthes minutissima in Kakehashi river and Godani river, which were polluted with waste water f...

Understanding spatial and temporal variations in river water quality and quantitatively evaluating the trend of changes are important in order to study and efficiently manage water resources. In this study, an analysis of Water Pollution Index (WPI), Daniel Trend Test, Cluster Analysis and Discriminant Analysis are applied as an integrated approach to quantitatively explore the spatial and temp...

An attempt has been made to evaluate pollution status and aquatic bio-resources of the Moirang river near its mouth in the Loktak Lake. The river water is considered polluted as it has high concentration of free CO2 (14.8 mg/l), nitrite-nitrogen (0.040 mg/l), inorganic phosphorus (0.107 mg/l and faecal coliform bacteria (162/100 ml). Aquatic bio-resources of the river include 24 species of fish...

A number of agents (e.g., firms, villages, municipalities, or countries) are connected to a river network. Some agents are located upstream and some downstream. Upstream agents pollute the river network. To clean up the polluted river network, costs are incurred, and they are shared among the agents. In allocating these costs, the upstream-downstream relationship between agents has to be taken ...

hydrographically bolivian poopó lake is located in the basin of desaguadero river and it has over a dozen main tributary rivers and other smaller rivers with lower flow. the mine water discharge from the abandoned and current mining activities polluted these rivers by carrying heavy metals, dissolved and suspended solids which in turn polluted the poopó lake which is considered as an important ...

Hydrographically Bolivian Poopó Lake is located in the basin of Desaguadero River and it has over a dozen main tributary rivers and other smaller rivers with lower flow. The mine water discharge from the abandoned and current mining activities polluted these rivers by carrying heavy metals, dissolved and suspended solids which in turn polluted the Poopó Lake which is considered as an important ...

Water quality and metal contents of sediments were measured in Zayandeh-Rood River. Zayandeh-Rood is one of the most important rivers of Iran. The river water is used for drinking, industrial and agricultural purposes. The anthropogenic impact on the river over the last three decade has proven to be extremely negative due to the quick development of industry. Physico-chemical parameters of wate...

Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), were applied for evaluation of spatial variations and interpretation of large complex water quality data set of the Ganga river basin, generated during one year (2013-2014) monitoring of eight water parameters at seven different sites. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped seven sampling sites ...