this paper seeks to understand the role of the cost of pollution from vehicles fuel in feasibility of cng national plan. optimal control theory is used with two target functions, one with and another without the cost of pollution. model results indicate the high importance of pollution cost in the project feasibility, in such a way that without consideration of that the project will be infeasib...

water quality trading is a new approach in pollution control which satisfies water quality standards suggesting minimum cost solutions. this method uses tradable discharge permits based on pollution transfer coefficient in a river. this paper tries to establish a water quality trading program in a river basin according to transfer coefficients between pollution sources and evaluate cost effecti...

Current increase of atmospheric air pollution rates in developing and developed countries requires efforts to design more cost effective and affordable devices. In developed countries pollution monitoring chambers are available to aid the monitoring process. The culture and the society are aware of the polluted environment side effects and measures have been taken to reduce pollution amounts. M...

introduction air pollution is one of the critical challenges in metropolitans around the world. according to world health organization (who), three millions people die from air pollution annually. in some studies mortality costs by air pollution was estimated. social cost of air pollution was estimated 28990 billions rials in tehran city. the mortality cost by air pollution was estimated about ...

air pollution is an example of a negative externality; it imposes harmful effects and costs on people other than polluters. in controlling air pollution, efficiency argument implies that, there is a rolefor the government to play. studies show that taxation of fuels can be a powerful indirect instrumentfor controlling air polluticn because of the association between fuels use and emissions. in ...

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that near-roadway air pollution (NRP) exposure causes childhood asthma. The associated costs are not well documented. OBJECTIVE We estimated the cost of childhood asthma attributable to residential NRP exposure and regional ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in Los Angeles County. We developed a novel approach to apportion the costs between thes...

This paper estimates costs associated with water pollution in the Olifants River Water Management Area (WMA) in South Africa, and, more specifically, the area represented by the Loskop Dam Water User Association. We focus on the impacts of salinisation on commercial irrigated agriculture, and of microbial pollution on the general population of the WMA, many of whom do not have access to municip...

In an urban area the determination of transportation routes should be planned so as to minimize the provoked pollution taking into account the cost of such routes. In the sequel these routes are cited as pollution routes. The transportation network is expressed by a weighted graph ( ) , , , G V E D P = where every vertex represents a location to be served and E contains unordered pairs (edges) ...

Background. Environmental pollution has become the leading risk factor for death in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization and others calculate that exposures to polluted air - indoor and outdoor, water and soil resulted in 8.4 million deaths in LMICs in 2012. By comparison, HIV/AIDS causes 1.5 million deaths per year, and malaria and tuberculosis Less than 1 mi...