Effective map generalisation involves careful examination of the interactions between all map symbols. These interactions may give rise to obvious graphic conflicts of proximity and overlap. They may also determine whether important messages, regarding the structure and form of the mapped features, are effectively communicated (for example, in the alignment of buildings, parallelism between nei...

Given an undirected edge-weighted graph, G = (V,E), the maximum cut problem (Max-Cut) is to find a bipartition of the vertices that maximizes the weight of the edges crossing the partition. If the edge weights are non-negative, then this problem is equivalent to finding a maximum weight subset of the edges that forms a bipartite subgraph, i.e. the maximum bipartite subgraph problem. All results...

ONSM is a rare tumour. It is usually separated into the primary ONSM (pONSM) (intraorbital or intracanalicular) and secondary (sONSM) (intra­ cranial). The tumour can also originate within the optic nerve sheath in the orbit or optic canal and may grow intracranially to involve various struc­ tures there. ONSM can also present in a bilateral form. pONSM represent approximately 96% of all intrao...