this study determined the clinical effect of subconjunctival administration of bevacizumab in patients with primary and recurrent pterygium. the study was an off-label, single-dosing, interventional case series involving 22 patients with primary and recurrent pterygium. they received subconjunctival bevacizumab (0.2cc). pterygium vascularity and thickness was graded. the size of the pterygium (...

PURPOSE To study the expression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 mRNA and activities in various stages of surgically excised pterygium specimens and cultured pterygium fibroblasts and to study the effects of activation of protein kinase C (PKC) on the expression of these MMPs in pterygium fibroblasts. METHODS MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and activities in 15 pterygium tissues an...

PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence of pterygium and its determinants in the underserved, rural population of Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 3851 selected individuals, 86.5% participated in the study, and the prevalence of pterygium was evaluated in 3312 participants. A number of villages were selected from the north and south of Iran using multistage cluster sampling. Pterygiu...

Although numerous population-based studies have reported the prevalences and risk factors for pterygium, information regarding the incidence of pterygium is scarce. This population-based cohort study aimed to evaluate the South Korean incidence and prevalence of pterygium. We retrospectively obtained data from a nationally representative sample of 1,116,364 South Koreans in the Korea National H...

PURPOSE Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a protease involved in tissue remodeling and cell migration. Little is known about the expression of uPA in pterygium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of uPA mRNA and activities in various stages of surgically excised pterygia specimens and cultured pterygium fibroblasts and to compare them with normal conjunctiva...

We investigated relationships between outdoor air pollution and pterygium in Korean adults. This study includes 23,276 adults in population-based cross-sectional data using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. Pterygium was assessed using slit lamp biomicroscopy. Air pollution data (humidity, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm [PM₁₀], o...

AIM To compare and evaluate the success rates of various surgical techniques of pterygium excision, including pterygium excision with complete suture of conjunctivae (PESC), pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-graft transplantation with graft from the inferior temporal bulbar conjunctiva (ITBC) and pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-graft transplantation with graft from the superio...

PURPOSE Following the recent discovery of an abnormal expression of the p53 gene in the epithelium in pterygium, some researchers felt that pterygium is a tumor rather than a degenerative disease. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been reported to be associated with pterygium formation, however the mechanism whereby UV induces uncontrolled proliferation in pterygial cells is unclear. Because cyclo...

Pterygia are fibrovascular connective tissue overgrowths of bulbar conjunctiva onto the cornea. There is a worldwide distribution of pterygium, but it occurs more commonly in warm, dry climates. Patients younger than the age of 15 rarely acquire a pterygium. We report a case of bilateral nasal pterygium in two siblings. A 10-year-old boy and a 12-year-old girl who are siblings presented with bi...