Article history: Received 14 August 2013 Received in revised form 17 December 2013 Accepted 20 December 2013 Available online 8 January 2014 JEL classification: D81 Q54

Mutations in voltage-gated ion channels are responsible for several types of epilepsy. Genetic epilepsies often exhibit variable severity in individuals with the same mutation, which may be due to variation in genetic modifiers. The Scn2a(Q54) transgenic mouse model has a sodium channel mutation and exhibits epilepsy with strain-dependent severity. We previously mapped modifier loci that influe...

The transition from autocracy to democracy may lead a country to break-up. The break-ups of the USSR and Yugoslavia led to sharp falls in emissions. If something similar would happen in China, projected emissions would fall by 50% or more. Break-up uncertainty dominates other scenario uncertainty JEL Classification: Q54

We use variation in weather to study the long-term effects of activism during original Earth Day on attitudes, environmental outcomes, and children’s health. Unusually bad April 22, 1970 is associated with weaker support for environment 10 20 years later, particularly among those who were school aged 1970. Bad also higher levels carbon monoxide air greater risk congenital abnormalities infants ...

A mutation in the voltage-gated sodium-channel Scn2a results in moderate epilepsy in transgenic Scn2a(Q54) mice maintained on a C57BL/6J strain background. The onset of progressive epilepsy begins in adults with short-duration partial seizures that originate in the hippocampus. The underlying abnormality is an increase in persistent sodium current in hippocampal neurons. The voltage-gated potas...

Fundraising interventions may lift donations and/or shift their composition and timing. Using data rich in both the charity space time dimensions, we find that major fundraising appeals to appeal this increase is not offset by lower later time. Strikingly, also forward-shift other (nonappeal) charities are later. To understand these response patterns, introduce a two-period, two-charity “ lift-...

The province of Aceh in Indonesia provides a promising case for studying the economic legacy effects conflict given subnational district-level data on violence and gross domestic product. We demonstrate specific negative armed despite general peace dividend: whilst all districts grow faster after ends 2005 than during conflict, that suffered relatively more from war slowly peacetime experienced...

Sea level rise will cause spatial shifts in economic activity over the next 200 years. Using a spatially disaggregated, dynamic model of world economy, this paper estimates consequences probabilistic projections local sea changes. Under an intermediate scenario greenhouse gas emissions, permanent flooding is projected to reduce global real GDP by 0.19 percent present value terms. By year 2200, ...

The paper extends a dynamic version of the classical von NeumannMorgenstern setting to incorporate a degree of confidence in or subjectivity of probabilistic beliefs. It provides a simple axiomatic characterization of a new preference representation that addresses ambiguity from a simple perspective, employing only basic tools from risk analysis. Conceptually, the paper renders the concept of s...