The carbon emission of China’s industry accounts for more than 70% of the total in the nation, thus the implementation of carbon emission quota trading in industry is of great importance to realize China’s national carbon emission reduction targets. Meanwhile, the allocation of carbon emission quota among sectors or enterprises proves the first and critical step. For this reason, this paper con...

Six electoral cycles since the implementation of Brazil’s gender quota, just 15% 513 members Chamber Deputies are women. We ask how parties’ use informal institutions mediates effectiveness quota. Drawing on data from more than 4,000 state-level party organizations, we show that parties employ practices intentionally and non-intentionally interact with equity rules to affect women’s political r...

Fisheries worldwide continue to suffer greatly from the negative consequences of open access, despite numerous regulatory “solutions”. In 1986, New Zealand responded by establishing the most comprehensive market-based Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system for fisheries management, resulting in the creation of over 150 fishing quota markets differentiated by geographic region and species. W...

A collapse in international trade following the 2007-08 crisis has underscored many dangers of globalization and renewed interest in trade protectionism, one form of which is import quotas. The analysis of import quotas is predominantly based on a static model, which is unable to capture the fact that a quota is imposed over a period of time. This article develops a continuous-time model that i...

We study the problem of allocating multiple objects to agents without transferable utilities, where each agent may receive more than one object according to a quota. Under lexicographic preferences, we characterize the set of strategyproof, non-bossy, and neutral quota mechanisms and show that under a mild Pareto efficiency condition, serial dictatorship quota mechanisms are the only mechanisms...

      This research attempts to investigate the effect of the English language test of the University Entrance Examination (UEE) in predicting the academic achievement of Iranian EFL learners. To achieve this goal, Isfahan, Tabriz, Mashhad, Shiraz and AllamehTabatabaeiUniversities were randomly selected. Then, the scores of the English majors admitted to those universities were collected from t...

Years of EU fishing catch restrictions have failed to stem the decline of many once abundant species in the northeast Atlantic and fishermen and conservationists are pressing for change.

OBJECTIVES Responding to the serious shortage of physicians in rural areas, the Japanese government has aggressively increased the number of entrants to medical schools since 2008, mostly as a chiikiwaku, entrants filling a regional quota. The quota has spread to most medical schools, and these entrants occupied 16% of all medical school seats in 2016. Most of these entrants were admitted to me...

We quantify the intertemporal impact of a renewable quota on CO2 emissions, pollution and welfare. We find that a quota substitutes investments in baseload technologies. Therefore quotas have little impact on CO2 and pollution in systems that expand baseload with hydro. We also find that quotas can be quite expensive and their impact is highly nonlinear. With detailed data on Chile’s system we ...