Power system state estimation is a process to find the bus voltage magnitudes and phase angles at every bus based on a given measurement set. The state estimation convergency is related to the sufficiency of the measurement set. Observability analysis actually tests this kind of problem and guarantees the state estimation accuracy. A new and useful algorithm is proposed and applied in this pape...

BACKGROUND Coeliac disease may be regarded as refractory disease (RCD) when symptoms persist or recur despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet. RCD may be subdivided into types I and II with a phenotypically normal and aberrant intraepithelial T-cell population, respectively. RCD I seems to respond well to azathioprine/prednisone therapy. RCD II is usually resistant to any known therapy a...

Although right colonic diverticultis (RCD) has been reported to be a rare disease in Western countries, RCD is a common diagnosis, with an incidence per 2.9-17 case of appendicitis, in Korea. Many Western studies have reported that it is difficult to differentiate the presenting symptoms of RCD from those of appendicitis before surgery because the signs and symptoms are similar. However, perfor...

The reciprocal complementary distance (RCD) matrix of a graphG is defined asRCD(G) = [rcij] where rcij = 1 1+D−dij if i 6= j and rcij = 0, otherwise, where D is the diameter of G and dij is the distance between the vertices vi and vj in G. The RCD-energy of G is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of RCD(G). Two graphs are said to be RCDequienergetic if they have same R...

Background: Refractory Coeliac Disease (RCD) is characterized by persisting mucosal pathology in spite of a strict gluten free diet (GFD). In RCD type II phenotypically aberrant (CD7+CD3-CD4/8-cytoplasmicCD3+) T-lymphocytes are present within the Intraepitelial Lymphocyte (IEL) population in the small intestine, and 50-60% of these patients develops an Enteropathy Associated T-cell lymphoma (EA...

AIM To determine predictive factors associated with rapid cognitive decline (RCD) in elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS Patients suffering from mild to moderate AD were included. RCD was defined as the loss of at least 3 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) over 12 months. Factors associated with RCD were identified by logistic regression. RESULTS ...

PURPOSE To determine magnetic resonance (MR) enteroclysis findings in patients with uncomplicated celiac disease (CD), refractory CD (RCD) type I, and RCD type II, to develop and validate a scoring system to identify patients with RCD II and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MR enteroclysis to detect CD-related malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed with approval o...

In earlier studies from this laboratory, Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines was found to exhibit a nutrition stress-related postexponential rapid cell death (RCD). The RCD was exhibited in protein-rich media but not in starch or other minimal media. This RCD in X. campestris pv. glycines was found to display features similar to those of the programmed cell death (PCD) of eukaryotes. Results of...

BACKGROUND Hallmarks of the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease (RCD) include an abnormal immune response, angiogenesis, and altered variables of vascularity. Degenerative changes enhance production of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and vascular angiogenesis-related cytokines (ARC) that play a pivotal role in the immune response to arthroscopic surgery and participate in the pathogenesis...

OBJECTIVE Refractory coeliac disease (RCD) is a potentially hazardous complication of coeliac disease (CD). In contrast to RCD type I, RCD type II is a precursor entity of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), which is associated with clonally expanding T-cells that are also found in the sequentially developing EATL. Using high-throughput sequencing (HTS), we aimed to establish the sma...