Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that regulates many physiological processes in plants. One of the most important regulatory mechanisms of NO is S-nitrosylation-the covalent attachment of NO to cysteine residues. Although the involvement of cysteine S-nitrosylation in the regulation of protein functions is well established, its substrate specificity remains unknown. Identifi...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) belongs to the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) superfamily. Aberrant upregulation and activation of ERK cascades may often lead to tumor cell development. However, how ERK is involved in tumor progression is yet to be defined. In current study, we described that ERK undergoes S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide (NO). ERK S-nitrosylation inhibits ...

Nitrosylation of cysteines residues (S-nitrosylation) mediates many of the cellular effects of nitric oxide in normal and diseased cells. Recent research indicates that S-nitrosylation of certain proteins could play a role in tumor progression and responsiveness to therapy. However, the protein targets of S-nitrosylation in cancer cells remain largely unidentified. In this study, we used our re...

Aberrant activation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) by phosphorylation modification can trigger tumor cell development in glioma. S‑nitrosylation, which refers to the covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to a cysteine (Cys) thiol, is an important post‑translational modification that occurs on numerous cancer‑associated proteins. Protein S‑nitrosylation can increa...

I briefly discuss the role of neutrinos as probes in astroparticle physics and review the status of neutrino oscillation parameters as of June 2006, including recent fluxes, and latest SNO, K2K and MINOS results. I comment on the origin of neutrino masses in seesaw-type and low-scale models and mention some of their experimental signals.

From the initial pure D 2 O phase, the SNO experiment has measured the flux of 8 B solar neutrinos via CC, NC, and ES interactions.

We review new results in neutrino physics, including the latest data of the Super-Kamiokande, SNO and K2K experiments.