Antibiotics are added to semen extenders to be used for artificial insemination (AI) in livestock breeding to control bacterial contamination in semen arising during collection and processing. The antibiotics to be added and their concentrations for semen for international trade are specified by government directives. Since the animal production industry uses large quantities of semen for artif...

Determining the initial quality of a boar ejaculate is the first step in semen processing and should ensure that prior to further processing, a high quality artificial insemination dose of semen will be produced. Effective screening methods for ejaculates prior to processing are necessary for improving on farm reproductive performances. Ideally, ejaculates that are thoroughly evaluated prior to...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sperm protamine deficiency on fertilization and embryo development post icsi. material and methods: semen samples from 27 patients candidate for icsi were assessed for semen parameters. sperm processing was carried out using pure sperm and percentage of protamine deficient sperm was assessed by chromomycin a3 post processing. cor...

The occurrence of bacteria in sperm samples intended for in vitro fertilisation can compromise the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques. Effective semen processing procedures should therefore be implemented to remove bacteria from semen. Unfortunately, technique failure does occur whereby bacteria can be found in processed sperm preparations. To improve the effectiveness of semen process...

AIM The present investigation was conducted to locate the critical sources of bacterial contamination and to evaluate the standard sanitation protocol so as to improve the hygienic conditions during collection, evaluation, and processing of bull semen in the Semen Station. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study compared two different hygienic procedures during the collection, evaluation and processi...

Storage of ram semen in liquid and frozen state, the diluents used for both methods, processing, cooling, freezing and thawing of semen are reviewed. Factors influencing the fertility of stored semen and methods used for improvement are discussed, and fertility results of long-term frozen stored ram semen are also given.

objective: the aim of this study was to examine the efficiency of ha-binding test and sperm gradient processing method for the selection of sperm with normal protamine, intact dna and normal morphology. materials and methods: the study was conducted on 29 patients undergoing icsi. semen analysis was carried out according to who criteria. semen samples were divided into three equal portions. one...

Environmental influences on reproduction and semen production in the buck, the problem of interaction between seminal plasma and egg yolk or milk constituents in diluent, liquid storage and processing of semen for freezing are discussed. A review is given on the use of frozen-thawed semen for artificial insemination (AI) in spontaneous and induced oestrus and factors influencing the fertility.

This study was done to determine the effects of processing techniques on the quality of semen from Dutch AI-bucks with the view on improving pregnancy rates after artificial insemination (AI) with liquid or frozen-thawed semen. Motility of spermatozoa was estimated under a microscope whereas the percentage live spermatozoa and the percentage live spermatozoa with intact acrosomes were determine...

Artificial insemination (AI) is the preferred method for reproduction in the majority of the intensive pig production systems Worldwide. To this end, fresh extended ready-to-use semen doses are either purchased from AI-centres or produced by boars kept on-farm. For profitable semen production, it is necessary to obtain a maximum amount of high quality semen from each boar. This paper reviews cu...