Background: Genu valgum usually originates from a deformity of distal femur that is often corrected by distal femoralvarus osteotomy. The osteotomy includes both components of angulationcorrection and translation because the siteof osteotomy is not commonly at the apex of deformity. Improvement of patellar tracking not only depends on valguscorrection, but also it may be partially due to centra...

Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death mediated by inflammatory caspases. Two independent studies have recently demonstrated that inflammatory caspases cleave gasdermin D and the resulting N-terminal fragment of this protein mediates pyroptosis. Here we summarize the key findings reported in these important publications. Caspases are cysteine proteases that function in apoptosis and ot...

The authors reviewed a 10-year consecutive series of ulnar-shortening osteotomies using a freehand, single oblique cut with 2 or 3 stacked saw blades. Twenty-one patients (23 wrists) with chronic ulnar impaction syndrome (mean age, 45 years; range, 16 to 73 years) demonstrated an average preoperative ulnar variance of +2.1 mm (range, 0.0 to 4.0 mm). An oblique osteotomy was performed in the dis...

There have been many widely used genome rearrangement models, such as reversals, Hannenhalli-Pevzner (HP), and double-cut and join. Though each one can be precisely defined, the general notion of a model remains undefined. In this paper, we give a formal set-theoretic definition, which allows us to investigate and prove relationships between distances under various existing and new models. Amon...

We introduce a method for the bottom-up assembly of biomolecular structures that combines the precision of the atomic force microscope (AFM) with the selectivity of DNA hybridization. Functional units coupled to DNA oligomers were picked up from a depot area by means of a complementary DNA strand bound to an AFM tip. These units were transferred to and deposited on a target area to create basic...