Cracking is a major concern in welding aluminum alloys. Although weld solidification cracks can be eliminated through addition of filler alloy, the additives modify the alloy or base-metal constituents and may not always be desirable. High-energy beam processes, such as electron-beam welding, that result in minimal heat input reduce crack sensitivity, but their high cost limits their applicatio...

A two-dimensional thermal elasto-plastic numerical model is developed by finite element method to analyze and compare the mechanical driving factor for heat affected zone (HAZ) liquation cracking during laser welding and hybrid laser-arc welding techniques. Calculations of transient temperatures and cooling rates are used in conjunction with solidification theory to analyze weld pool characteri...

The probable reasons for evolution of weld porosity and solidification cracking and the structure- property relationship in aluminium welds were investigated. Aluminium plates (1xxx series) were welded by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process, 5356 filler metal was used and heat input was controlled by varying welding current (145A, 175A and 195A). The welded samples were examined under opti...

Aluminum alloy welding suffers from problems such as solidification cracking and hydrogen-induced porosity, which are sufficiently severe to limit its potential applications. Because mitigated porosity incidence and solidification cracking are observed in aluminum welds using double pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW), a comprehensive review of the mechanism is necessary, but absent from the...

The weldability of GTD-111 nickel-based superalloy by pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding with an average power of 250 W was studied, and the microstructural evolution and cracking characteristics were also investigated. The solidification cracking of the fusion zone (FZ) and the intergranular liquation cracking in the heat affected zone (HAZ) were observed in the joint. Solidification cracking was cau...

Although solidification cracking is not usually regarded as a serious problem when welding ferritic steels, improvements in the submerged arc welding process, using higher deposition rates and faster welding speeds, have led to welding conditions more likely to give cracking. Furthermore, the need to weld stronger tougher steels, where the inspection requirements are more stringent, has led to ...

Solidification cracking is a key phenomenon associated with defect formation during welding. To elucidate the failure mechanisms, solidification cracking during arc welding of steel are investigated in situ with high-speed, high-energy synchrotron X-ray radiography. Damage initiates at relatively low true strain of about 3.1% in the form of micro-cavities at the weld subsurface where peak volum...

We report on the in situ, time resolved, observation of solidification cracking in a thin sample of an Al-15wt%Sn alloy at ESRF BM05. During the experiment, solidification cracking was seen to occur during natural cooling of the sample at a solid fraction of ∼95%, between directionally agglomerated dendritic networks. Through detailed analysis, three stages of crack growth were observed: crack ...

Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 Overview of Weldability of Nickel-Base Superalloys..................................................................1 Crystallography............................................................................................................................