In iterative schemes of identification and control one of the particular and important choices to make is the choice for a model uncertainty structure, capturing the uncertainty concerning the estimated plant model. This is typically done in some normbounded form, in order to guarantee robust stability and/or robust performance when redesigning the controller. Structures that are used in the re...

In this article, the electrode erosion and the gap growth of spark plugs were measured on of a CNG fueled engine after durability tests. Then, the required ignition voltage and the spark quality were investigated by a spark plug test rig. Considering results of measurements, the gap growth increased as the running time increased. Thus, the gap growth of spark plugs with 200 and 280 hours runnin...

This paper reports the results of a study into the effectiveness of the SPARK toolset for showing the absence of run-time errors in safety-critical Ada software. In particular, the toolset is examined to determine how effective it is in finding run-time errors in a SPARK program, and how much of the process of proving freedom from run-time errors can be performed automatically. The study identi...

J.M. Lehr, C.E. Baum, W.D. Prather and F.J. Agee High Energy Sources Division, Phillips Laboratory Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117 The Air Force is interested in compact ultra-wideband systems which utilize a minimum volume of high pressure gas. These desires lead us to look closely at single channel spark gaps, because both the size and volume of gas, for example, hydrogen, under pressure can b...

Temperature is one of the effective parameters in erosion of spark plug electrodes. In this research, temperature of spark plug was measured in engine's different operation conditions with two types of fuels: compressed natural gas and gasoline. Test results showed that, temperature of center electrode is lower than ground electrode and maximum difference between them is 110ºC that occurs at...

Dielectric: materials commonly used as insulators in spark gaps (Lexan, Nylon, Lucite, Macor, Boron Nitride, Delrin and G-10) have been exposed to the by-products of arcs in three different spark gap experiments. The first was a 60 kV, 0.05 Caul/shot spark gap using copper-tungsten or graphite electrodes at various pressures of N2 or SF6 gas. The second was a 5-30 kV, 4-25 kA, .l-.6 Coul/shot, ...

temperature is one of the effective parameters in erosion of spark plug electrodes. in this research, temperature of spark plug was measured in engine's different operation conditions with two types of fuels: compressed natural gas and gasoline. test results showed that, temperature of center electrode is lower than ground electrode and maximum difference between them is 110ºc that occurs ...