stronomical observations near the horizon have historically been made for naval navigation and for determining the time of sunset. Recent applications include near-horizon daytime scene simulation to support infrared search and track and infrared seeker studies. The ray path of the setting or rising Sun can be highly distorted near the horizon, and it is seldom rectilinear. An accurate model of...

The “line-by-line” method is used for the evaluation of thermal emission standard atmosphere toward Earth. Accounting thermodynamic equilibrium radiation field with air molecules and considering as a weakly nonuniform layer, we reduce at given frequency this layer containing various types to that uniform which characterized by certain radiative temperature T?, an optical thickness u? opaque fac...

Introduction: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an industrial solvent which is often used as a degreaser for metal parts. Due to adverse health effects and carcinogenic properties of this solvent, knowing its concentration in the workplace atmosphere is really crucial. Nowadays, carbon nanotubes with high efficiency are being used for sampling of this chemical. Method:</stron...

In India, festivals are celebrated with lot of enthusiasm and Diwali is the major festival of light. In this festival, houses are illuminated by lights and sky is illuminated by fireworks. These fireworks though create lot of amusement but also pollute the atmosphere in terms of air pollution. The continuous air pollution monitoring was undertaken during Diwali festival (2014) at residential si...

In recent years, by population expansion and consequently expansion in service industries, competition has grown in retailing industry more than ever. Retailers can overcome competition in retailing industry by creating attractive, enjoyable, and even more exciting store environment. The purpose of this study is to help marketers, managers and retailers to create an enjoyable and memorable expe...