Background: The branches of right and left subclavian arteries are important in conducting of blood to spinal cord, posterior cranial fossa, base of the neck, thyroid gland, wall of the thorax and abdomen. The routine use of internal thoracic artery as a conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery requires appreciation of the anatomical variations of these vessels. So far, there is not a...

vertebral artery is the first branch of subclavian artery. it merges with the same artery of the opposite side to form basilar artery and becomes one of the important source of blood supply to the brain. variation in the origin of left vertebral artery was found in 65 year old female during magnetic resonance angiography of the neck vessels. it originated from aortic arch and was longer as comp...

three major arteries normally originate from the aortic arch. variations of the aortic arch branches are observed in some cases. rare variation of the aortic arch branches is originated from the retroesophageal right subclavian (rrs) artery as the last branch of the aortic arch. variation of artery is possibly associated with the variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. this research provide...

introduction: vertebral arteries arise from the root of the neck as the first branches from the superior-posterior aspect of the subclavian arteries. they ascend the neck to enter the cranial cavity and supply blood to the brain. methods: a total of 20 cadavers (in 10 years) were dissected for the study of variations in the origin of the vertebral artery. this study was conducted in isfahan uni...

Introduction: Vertebral arteries arise from the root of the neck as the first branches from the superior-posterior aspect of the subclavian arteries. They ascend the neck to enter the cranial cavity and supply blood to the brain. Methods: A total of 20 cadavers (in 10 years) were dissected for the study of variations in the origin of the vertebral artery. This study was conducte...

traumatic injuries to the subclavian-axillary artery, although uncommon, are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if not managed promptly. the emergence of endovascular techniques offers an alternative to the surgical management of these injuries. we herein present 4 cases of traumatic subclavian-axillary artery injury with limb ischemia successfully managed via the endovascular a...

Three major arteries normally originate from the aortic arch. Variations of the aortic arch branches are observed in some cases. Rare variation of the aortic arch branches is originated from the retroesophageal right subclavian (RRS) artery as the last branch of the aortic arch. Variation of artery is possibly associated with the variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This research p...

severe coronary artery disease often coexists with peripheral vascular atherosclerosis. the assessment of the supra-aortic circulation is, therefore, of clinical relevance. we herein describe a case of coronary artery disease treated with surgical revascularization using the internal mammary artery and thereafter the progressive atherosclerotic disease of the native coronary arteries as well as...

Subclavian steal syndrome is known as reverse flow from vertebral artery to subclavian artery due to occlusion of proximal subclavian artery. Occlusive process leading to syndrome is common in left subclavian artery. Coronary-subclavian steal syndrome may happen by reverse flow in left internal thoracic artery with occlusion in subclavian artery of patients who were performed coronary artery by...