When depth of flow past a river bridge exceeds opening under the bridge, the flow under the bridge becomes pressurized. The water is directed downward and under the bridge deck, causing increase in velocity and shear stress on the bed thereby increasing bed scour. This is termed as Pressure Flow Scour. The present study investigates the phenomenon of pressure flow scour resulting from a submerg...

Respiratory activities were compared among rice seedlings germinated in air for 6 days (aerobic seedlings), those germinated under water for 5 days (submerged seedlings), and those grown in air for 1 day after 5 days' submerged germination (air-adapted seedlings). The respiratory activity of the submerged seedlings increased rapidly on transfer to air and reached a plateau at 16 hours in air. R...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Submergence and de-submergence are common phenomena encountered by riparian plants due to water level fluctuations, but little is known about the role of physiological integration in clonal plants (resource sharing between interconnected ramets) in their adaptation to such events. Using Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) as an example, this study tested the hypothe...

An experimental study has been conducted on the effectiveness of two types of flow-altering countermeasures placed around a cylindrical pier under clear water condition, which include sacrificial piles and submerged vanes. Their arrangements follow the optimal configurations recommended in the published articles with some modification. The temporal evolution of maximum scour depth and its equil...

Submerged arc welding is used widely in oil and gas industry construction for storage tanks, pressure vessels, shipbuilding and etc. One of the processes of submerged arc welding is back gouging operations. This paper presents a way to remove the back gouging operation from the submerged arc welding process. For this purpose, effects of submerged arc welding parameters onA516-70steel sample wer...

AIM The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of submerged vs. non-submerged tapered implants placed into fresh extraction sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, controlled, multicenter, randomized, clinical trial has been performed in two centers in Rome and Torino (Italy). Thirty healthy patients were recruited according to the following inclusion criteria: need for a...

The present experiment was performed to study the peri-implant tissue response to non-submerged (1-stage) and initially submerged (2-stage) implant installation procedures. 6 beagle dogs were used. All mandibular premolars and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd maxillary premolars were extracted. After 3 months of healing, 3 fixtures of the Astra Tech System were installed and submerged in the right (or the ...

Stoichiometric homeostasis of element composition is one of the central concepts of ecological stoichiometry. We analyzed concentrations of macroelements (C, N, P, Ca, K, Mg, S), microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn) and beneficial elements (Na, Se, Si) in submerged macrophytes, water and sediments across 20 Yunnan plateau lakes. We predicted that tissue element composition in submerged macrop...

The analysis of the propagation phase plays a fundamental role in the assessment and forecasting of risks related to the occurrence of submerged and coastal landslides. At present there are few numerical models able to simulate the propagation of such a type of events. This paper presents fully 3D models and approaches developed by the authors and suitable for the simulation of both completely ...