canal) in the extracted permanent maxillary first molars of a Sulaimani population. An ex vivo study on 180 extracted permanent maxillary first molars was conducted and the floor of the pulp was clearly exposed. The canal orifice was examined clinically by the aid of a chelating agent and magnifying lens. Patency of each canal was established by a no.10 k-type file. The results showed that 23.3...

BACKGROUND Laboratory testing is roughly divided into three phases: a pre-analytical phase, an analytical phase and a post-analytical phase. Most analytical errors have been attributed to the analytical phase. However, recent studies have shown that up to 70% of analytical errors reflect the pre-analytical phase. The pre-analytical phase comprises all processes from the time a laboratory reques...

Burns are the most frequent injury among paediatric patients. The injury, treatment, and rehabilitation process affect children not only physiologically but also psychologically. In this prospective study of burn victims aged 12 yr and less hospitalized in our burns centre (Emergency Hospital) between July 2001 and August 2005, three age groups were considered (0-12 months, 1-6 yr, and 7-12 yr)...

The massive technological progress and wide use of Information Technology have increased cyber security threats. Social engineering attacks are a common type threat that faces everyone. It uses several methods, such as pretexting using Artificial Intelligence or phishing, to attack users’ valuable data due human error. risks increased, especially in the institutions sector, digital technologies...

Human rotavirus and adenovirus infections are major causes of acute outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, occurring primarily among children less than 5 years of age. Little is known about the epidemiology of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus infections in Sulaimani and Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical significance of rotavirus and enteric adenov...

Wound infections are common problems in burn units and mostly originate from nosocomial contamination. The development of infections in burn cases is serious because of their effects on the course of the disease and patient outcomes. Many burned patients die as a result of infection during their hospital courses. The rate of infection in burn cases is extremely high in developing countries. For...

Background: Recurrent aphthus ulceration represents a common inflammatory ulcerative condition encountered in daily dental practice. The prevalence rate of this condition in different region of the world had shown considerable variation throughout different epidemiological studies. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of aphthous ulceration in comp...

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common and lethal accident in the pediatric age group. It requires early recognition and treatment by rigid bronchoscopy to avoid fatal outcomes. Objective. The aim of this study was to study the pattern of FBA in the tracheobronchial tree as well as the success rate of rigid bronchoscopy in children admitted to a single center and to analyze the relationship ...

Two field experiment were conducted to evaluate the effect of different fertilizer on seed yield and oil content two Black cumin species (Nigella sativa Nigella arvensis), first was at Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station, College Engineering Sciences, University Sulaimani, second Kanipanka Sulaimani Directorate, Ministry Agriculture Water Recourses during autumn season 2020-2021. The laid out...