s. Brown, M. E., Schaller, E. L., Roe, H. G., Chen, C., Roberts, J., Brown, R. H., Baines, K. H., and Clark, R. N. 2009. Discovery of lake-effect clouds on Titan. Geophy. Res. Lett., 36, L1103–L1108. doi: 10.1029/2008GL035964. Brown, R. H., Baines, K. H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Buratti, B. J., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R. N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D. P., Drossart, P., Formi...

Abstract This chapter represents a comprehensive review of Kuwait’s surface geology and stratigraphy from previous works accomplished by numerous geoscience researchers in the past decades. The Kuwait is characterized nearly flat topography, featureless to gently undulating, apart few tens meters escarpments north south, low moderately elevated hills ridges. It predominantly consists siliciclas...

Site amplification factors at period ranges of 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, and 2-10 s were determined for 27 stations of KiKnet and K-NET in and around the source area of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake. The ratio of the geometric mean values of the two maximum horizontal amplitudes of acceleration and velocity at the uphole to that at the downhole is considered as the ampli...

This study presents observations of nonlinear soil behavior evidence at several KiK-net sites. First, we compare the site responses performed with 1) the recordings from the aftershocks and 2) the recordings from the main event of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake at four sites. Then, to understand the influence of soil parameters on nonlinear effects, we extend the results to the whole network. We co...

We introduce a new conserved quantity, Normalized Energy Density (NED), alternative to the conventional definition of energy for a layered structure in a 2D SH problem. NED is defined by the average of power of a half transfer function multiplied by the impedance, and the conservation across the material interface is analytically proved for a two-layered case. For three, four, and tenlayered ca...

Methods of site response analysis require theoretical and empirical testing and validation before they can be used in seismic hazard assessment. Comparison of site amplification function (SAF) calculated using earthquake data recorded by seismic arrays with SAF obtained using analytical approaches represent the most important tests of reliability of those methods. The Treasure Island (TI) downh...

The site response transfer functions using 1D layered velocity models based on microtremor array exploration in the Niigata area, Japan, were examined whether it would be possible to explain the estimated high-frequency site responses using observed earthquake records or not. Our results showed the site response transfer functions were relatively larger in the frequency over about 3 or 6 Hz tha...

A long-term experiment was planned and performed to assess the contemporary ability to predict the effects of near surface geology on strong ground motion. The experiment was established at an alluvial valley called Turkey Flat, about 5 km from the eventual M6.