The quality of the global hydrological simulations performed by land surface models (LSMs) strongly depends on processes that occur at unresolved spatial scales. Approaches such as TOPMODEL have been developed, which allow soil moisture redistribution within each grid-cell, based upon sub-grid scale topography. Moreover, the coupling between TOPMODEL and a LSM appears as a potential way to simu...

The spatial uncertainty of a topography based rainfall runoff model (TOPMODEL) is addressed in this study to assess its variability in simulating watershed hydrologic response with regards to the change of digital elevation model (DEM) resolution. Twelve DEM realizations of different grid sizes ranging from 30 m to 3000 m for each of two case watersheds are used for comparative examinations. Th...

For the sustainable management of water quantity and quality, a hydrological model that can simulate the hydro-environmental dynamics of river basins at arbitrary locations is valuable. There are several streamflow simulation models suitable for such a purpose. Yet the lack of data commonly poses a serious problem for their application. This is a serious problem encountered for the sustainable ...

Flash flood disaster ranks top among all the natural hazards across world due to its high frequency, severity and fatality. However, flash simulation is still challenging in small medium-sized catchments with complex orography, flashy hydrological responses poor observations. Three distributed models, i.e., TOPModel, HEC CNFF, are selected simulate floods seven humid six semi-humid China, consi...

Control of the Panama Canal Basin transfers from the United States of America to the Republic of Panama on the last day of 1999. The Panamanian and United States governments are concerned that the rapid deforestation of the Panama Canal Basin will jeopardize the future operation of the Panama Canal, the capacity and quality of potable water supplied to Panama City, and the diverse rain forest e...

Rainfall, topography and soil characteristics are considered to control spatial redistribution of phosphorus in catchments. To advance this research, a hydrology model is needed to describe spatial variation of soil moisture dynamics and runoff source areas in multiple runoff events. This study examined whether the spatially distributed, topographically based rainfall-runoff model, TOPMODEL pro...

Abstract. The theory that forms the basis of TOPMODEL (a topography-based hydrological model) was first outlined by Mike Kirkby some 45 years ago. This paper recalls early developments, rejection journal paper, days digital terrain analysis, model calibration and validation, various criticisms simplifying assumptions, relaxation those assumptions in dynamic TOPMODEL. A final section addresses q...

The Limpopo River basin (LRB) is known for its vulnerability to floods, high rates of evapotranspiration, and droughts that cause significant losses the local community. present study aimed perform simulations flood events occurring in two Mozambican sub-basins LRB, namely Chókwè Xai-Xai from 2000 2015 with TOPography-based hydrological MODEL (TOPMODEL) satellite remote sensing data. As input T...

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract A three-layer TOPMODEL is here constructed by integrating three components, diffusion wave approach into surface flow, soil moisture deficit into interflow and exponential recession curve function into base flow. Sensitivity analysis revea...