the distribution pattern of pest population is one of the factors not only effects on sampling program and data analysis method, but also can be used to measure the density of pests and their natural enemies. thus, the spatial distribution pattern of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum harris (hem.: aphididae) and its two major predators, hippodamia variegata goeze (col.: coccinellidae) and cocc...

Ten years ago Hou, Lowengrub and Shelley [4] published a state-of-the-art boundary integral simulation of a classical viscous fingering problem, the Saffman–Taylor instability [12]. In terms of complexity and level of detail, those computations [4] are still among the most ramified and accurately computed interfacial instability patterns that have appeared in the literature. Since 1994, the com...

In this article, we study transportation network in Minnesota. We show that the system is characterized by Taylor’s power law for fluctuation scaling with nontrivial values of the scaling exponent. We also show that the characteristic exponent does not unequivocally characterize a given road network, as it may differ within the same network if one takes into account location of observation poin...

The Taylor power law (or temporal fluctuation scaling), is a scaling relationship of the form σ ∼ 〈P 〉 where σ is the standard deviation and 〈P 〉 the mean value of a sample of a time series has been observed for power output data sampled at 5 min and 1 s and from five wind farms and a single wind turbine, located at different places. Furthermore, an analogy with the turbulence field is performe...

Taylor's power law is one of the mostly widely known empirical patterns in ecology discovered in the 20th century. It states that the variance of species population density scales as a power-law function of the mean population density. Taylor's power law was named after the British ecologist Lionel Roy Taylor. During the past half-century, Taylor's power law was confirmed for thousands of biolo...

We revisit Taylor dispersion in oscillatory flows at zero Reynolds number, giving an alternative method of calculating the Taylor dispersivity that is easier to use with computer algebra packages to obtain exact expressions. We consider the effect of out-of-phase oscillatory shear and Poiseuille flow, and show that the resulting Taylor dispersivity is independent of the phase difference. We als...

We prove the consistency of the averaged periodogram estimator (APE) in two new cases. First, we prove that the APE is consistent for negative memory parameters, after suitable tapering. Second, we prove that the APE is consistent for a power law in the cross-spectrum and therefore for a power law in the coherency, provided that sufficiently many frequencies are used in estimation. Simulation e...

The traditional conservation of mass equation is derived using a first-order Taylor series to represent flux change in a control volume, which is valid strictly for cases of linear changes in flux through the control volume. We show that using higher-order Taylor series approximations for the mass flux results in mass conservation equations that are intractable. We then show that a fractional T...