Background: The aim of the present study is to compare time perception among drug addicts and controls. Methods: 30 drug addicts were selected, and 30 non-addict individuals were selected as the control group. The two groups performed three tests of time reproduction, time estimation, and time discrimination. Findings: There was a significant difference between the addicts group and the control...

Most species living outside the tropical zone undergo physiological adaptations to seasonal environmental changes and changing day length (photoperiod); this phenomenon is called photoperiodism. It is well known that the circadian clock is involved in the regulation of photoperiodism such as seasonal reproduction, but the mechanism underlying circadian clock regulation of photoperiodism remains...

eurasian perch, perca fluviatilis l., is one of the most important species in european freshwater aquaculture and probably one of most important of cold freshwater species in nearest future. the aim of this study was to test the ovaprim in artificial reproduction in eurasian perch in two temperatures (12 and 14°c) with using new oocyte maturation stage system. the results obtained in present st...

a two-year laboratory study on the biology (including self-fertilization) of bulinus truncatus, the intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium, s. bovis and paramphistomum microbotrium in iran, has revealed information on the longevity, reproduction, hatchability rate, hatching time during various months of the year, and growth and mortality rates of this snail. it was found that the reproduc...

Experiments on reproducing imposed self-motion showed that not only final distance or angle of motion, but also the temporal profile are reproduced. Reproduction errors have been attributed to sensory inputs, inaccurate memorization of the motion variable, or motor errors. However, another possible source of error has so far been neglected. The internal time base for path integration or movemen...