The purpose of toroidal flow, i.e., strike-slip motion and plate spin, in the plate-tectonic style of mantle convection is enigmatic. It is a purely horizontal, dissipative flow field that makes no apparent contribution to the release of heat. However, when plate-like toroidal motion is allowed to arise as a phenomenon of non-Newtonian mantle dynamics, it in fact acts to reduce the net amount o...

One of the more enigmatic features of the Earth’s style of mantle convection is plate tectonics itself, in particular the existence of strike-slip, or toroidal, motion. Toroidal motion is uncharacteristic of basic thermal convection, but necessarily forms through the interaction of convective flow and nonlinear rheological mechanisms. Recent studies have implied that the empirically determined ...

Ahstract The quantum and classical equations are found which govern the motion of toroidal moments in an external magnetic field. The concrete realization of toroidal moments of higher multipolarities is given, and it is shown how the toroidal moments interact with each other. We recover the 3-dimensional analogue of the Aharonov-Casher effect. It turns out that the toroidal moments should exhi...

An analysis of the toroidal modes of a rotating fluid, by means of the differential equations of motion is not readily tractable. A matrix representation of the equations in a suitable basis, however, simplifies the problem considerably and reveals many of its intricacies. Let Ω be the angular velocity of the star and (l, m) be the two integers that specify a spherical harmonic function. One re...

The present investigation studies the behavior of steady flow of visco-elastic liquid between two porous coaxial circular cylinders, where both the cylinders are rotating with different uniform angular velocities about the common axis. In addition, the inner cylinder has uniform velocity along the axis and the visco-elastic fluid, which is a Walters liquid B′, is allowed to flow in the annulus....

Thermal ions in spherical tokamaks have two adiabatic invariants: the magnetic moment and the longitudinal invariant. For hot ions, variations in magnetic-field strength over a gyro period can become sufficiently large to cause breakdown of the adiabatic invariance. The magnetic moment is more sensitive to perturbations than the longitudinal invariant and there exists an intermediate regime, su...

We report guided-light opto-mechanical sensing of the mechanical vibrations of a toroidal-lipped SiO2 GOBLiT. An optical quality factor of 1.7x10 allowed us to measure mechanical vibrations of the GOBLiT with mechanical quality factor 206 in air for the n=2 degenerate wineglass mode. Light was coupled into the resonator via a tapered optical fiber and used to sense mechanical motion of the GOBL...

Large-scale mantle convection, to first order, is a system driven by interior density anomalies, modulated by variable plate thickness and extreme theology variations at the top of the mantle. The rheological difference between oceanic and continental regions significantly influences the surface velocity. We apply a three-dimensional NewtonJan viscous flow model to explain the largescale presen...