Transglutaminase (TGase) was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, and cross-linked crystalline transglutaminase was immobilized on a polypropylene microporous membrane by UV-induced grafting. Immobilized enzyme activity were calculated to be 0.128 U/cm² polypropylene microporous membrane. The microstructure and enzyme characteristics of free, cross-linked and immobilized transglutaminase were comp...

Elevated transglutaminase activity and formation of cornified envelopes are markers of terminal differentiation in mouse epidermal cells. Epidermal transglutaminase catalyzes cornified envelope formation and in cultured cells is inducible by calcium ion or phorbol ester tumor promoters. Retinoic acid also induces transglutaminase activity but inhibits cross-linked envelope formation. This appar...

Reaction of 5,5’-dithiobis(24trobenzoic acid) (DTNB) with transglutaminase in the absence of calcium ion results in losses in the transferase and hydrolysis activities of the enzyme toward the substrate, benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutaminylglycine (Z-L-glutaminylglycine). These activities are reduced 70 to 100% by reaction with 1 to 1.5 eq of DTNB. The calcium-dependent esterase activity of transglut...

Tissue transglutaminase is a cytosolic enzyme whose primary function is to catalyze the covalent cross-linking of proteins. To investigate the functions of this enzyme in physiological systems, we have established lines of Balb-C 3T3 fibroblasts stably transfected with a constitutive tissue transglutaminase expression plasmid. Several cell lines expressing high levels of catalytically active ti...

We present the construction and screening of yeast display libraries post-translationally modified peptides wherein site-selective enzymatic treatment linear is achieved using bacterial transglutaminase. To this end, we developed two alternative routes, namely (i) followed by with recombinant transglutaminase in solution; or (ii) intracellular co-expression to achieve peptide modification endop...

Gluten sensitivity typically presents as celiac disease, a common chronic small intestinal disorder. However, in certain individuals it is associated with dermatitis herpetiformis, a blistering skin disease characterized by granular IgA deposits in the papillary dermis. While tissue transglutaminase has been implicated as the major autoantigen of gluten sensitive disease, there has been no expl...

The culture of peritoneal macrophages in serumcontaining media induces a dramatic increase in the expression of the enzyme tissue transglutaminase. The transglutaminase-inducing activity of serum is abolished by extraction of lipids and fully restored by readdition of physioIogica1 concentrations (1-100 nM) of truns-retinoic acid. Induction of the enzyme is detectable within a 90-min exposure o...

Transglutaminase in the rat lung is tightly associated with the insoluble matrix which is not extractable with detergent, 0.5 M NaCl, and 40% glycerol solutions. The insoluble matrix was found to be rich in heparin sulfate and poor in collagen, elastin, and DNA. The lung transglutaminase was found to be distinct from tissue transglutaminase (identifiable with the well-characterized guinea pig l...

Transglutaminases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the covalent conjugation of amines to protein-bound glutamine residues. The products of transglutaminase activity are proteins covalently cross-linked by ~-(3"-glutaminyl)-lysine isopeptide bonds and proteins containing covalently conjugated polyamines (16). Several distinct intracellular and extracellular transglutaminases have been identi...

Evidence is presented that transglutaminase is composed of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 80,000 to 90,000. (a) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol gave a single band with a mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 85,000. (b) Gel filtration in guanidine HCl of the 14C-carbamidomethyl carboxymethylated en...