Trihalomethanes are predominantly formed during disinfection of water via reactions of the oxidant with natural organic matter. Even though chlorinated and brominated trihalomethanes are the most widespread organic contaminants in drinking water, when iodide is present in raw water iodinated trihalomethanes can also be formed. The formation of iodinated trihalomethanes can lead to taste and odo...

background: trihalomethanes are toxic and dangerous substances that are formed in the presence of organic materials when water is chlorinated for disinfection. the iranian national standard, world health organization, european :union:, u.s. environmental protection agency and international agency for research in cancer standards have established a maximum contaminant level for trihalomethanes f...

Trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform) are regulated organic contaminants in chlorinated drinking water. In female B6C3F1 mouse liver, the 4 trihalomethanes have demonstrated carcinogenic activity when administered by oral gavage; however, chloroform was not carcinogenic when administered in drinking water. Female B6C3F1 mice were administered th...

Trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and chlorodibromomethane) are common contaminants of chlorinated drinking water. Although animal data indicate that these compounds may be reproductive toxicants, little information exists on their relation to spontaneous abortion in humans. We examined exposure to trihalomethanes and spontaneous abortion in a prospective study of 5,...

In the early 1970's it was discovered by several groups of investigators that trihalomethanes (THM) were present in some American drinking water supplies, and that their presence was due primarily to the process of chlorination. Bellar and coworkers (1974) pinpointed the appearance of trihalomethanes to the addition of chlorine in the water treatment process. Symons and coworkers, in the Nation...

omplex mixtures of disinfection by-products are formed in drinking waters when chlorine is used as disinfectant, among which are found trihalomethanes. trihalomethanes are very stable in the natural environment and are moderately lipophilic. thus they accumulate in the human organism, which may be related to a greater risk of certain cancers.the objective of this study is to investigate the ass...

association of waterborne chloroform in drinking water with low birth weight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation (2). Animal studies have found possible relationships between oral exposure to various trihalomethanes and fetotoxicity and sperm abnormalities (3,4). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published the Stage 1 Disinfectants–Disinfection By-products Rule to...

In this study, carbon was made from walnut wood as a low-cost and non-toxicnatural adsorbent.Walnut wood(WC), were successfully synthesized by an in chemical vapor deposition methodthen characterized using FT-IR techniques and used for the removal of trihalomethanes(THMs) from aqueous solution. The trihalomethanes(THMs) removal by the developed adsorbent was investigated using batch adsorption ...

The presence of trihalomethanes (THMs) in potable-water sources is an issue of great interest because of the negative impact THMs have on human health. The objective of this study was to correlate the presence of trihalomethanes with more routinely monitored parameters of water quality, in order to facilitate THM control. Water samples taken at various stages of treatment from a water treatment...

BACKGROUND There is concern about possible effects of disinfection by-products on reproductive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal exposure to chlorination by-products and the risk of delivering a small for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study in the Québec City (Canada) area. Term newborn ca...