representation and modeling of economic uncertainty is addressed by different modeling methods, namely stochastic variables and probabilities, interval analysis, and fuzzy numbers, in particular triple estimates. fo-cusing on discounted cash flow analysis numerical results are presented, comparisons are made between alter-native modeling methods, and characteristics of the methods are discussed.

sustainable ecotourism is a nature oriented tourism that maintains a sound relationship with the natu-ral environment, and contributes to its conservation. ecological understanding is a prerequisite of sus-tainable ecotourism. nature conservation and ecotourism are interdependent. there should be a sym-biotic relationship between the two, in which, both derive sustainable benefits in a lengthy ...

In this contribution a novel stereo matching technique for depth estimation in stereoscopic image pairs is pre sented The input image pair is preprocessed in the in tensity domain and edge maps together with an adap tive mesh approximating to linearly modeled regions are obtained Then an iterative stripe based quadri lateral patch matching technique is employed to esti mate the depth map from t...

Brutsaert (1979, 1982) suggested a method for the complementary model taking atmospheric stability into account on the basis of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Katul and Parlange (1992a, 1992b) and the authors (1993) independent ly published the papers on the estimation of latent and sensible heat fluxes including the effects of the atmospheric stabil ity. Parlange and Katul (1992c) actual...

1806 www.thelancet.com Vol 372 November 22, 2008 iveness of treat ment in reducing the risk of HIV trans mission per sexual act was about the same as has been report ed for condoms.” There fore, even with their high esti mates, Wilson and colleagues con fi rm the Swiss statement and even docu ment a higher risk for condom use (with out treatment) than for treatment alone. Finally, the major lim...

Representation and modeling of economic uncertainty is addressed by different modeling methods, namely stochastic variables and probabilities, interval analysis, and fuzzy numbers, in particular triple estimates. Fo-cusing on discounted cash flow analysis numerical results are presented, comparisons are made between alter-native modeling methods, and characteristics of the methods are discussed.

In this paper an algorithm based on the concepts of genetic algorithms that uses an estimation of a probability distribution of promising solutions in order to generate new candidate solutions is proposed To esti mate the distribution techniques for model ing multivariate data by Bayesian networks are used The proposed algorithm identi es reproduces and mixes building blocks up to a speci ed or...

Importance sampling is the old standby method for ob taining accurate tail quantiles of a bootstrap distribution more quickly A newer method a variation of control variates called concomitants is especially attractive in larger problems because its e ciency relative to simple Monte Carlo sampling increases at the rate of p n where n is the sample size We show how to combine these complementary ...