Two novel anthocyanins, delphinidin 3-O-(6-O-(2-O-acetyl-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside) and delphinidin 3-O-(6-O-(3-O-acetyl-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside), were identified from the anthers of Tulipa gesneriana. These and delphinidin 3-O-(6-O-(α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside) made up over 80% of the anthocyanin content in the dark purple anthers and could be responsible for t...

The changes in the contents of free and bound gibberellin-like activity (GA) of Tulipa gesneriana L. cv. Ralph during development under 2 temperature conditions were studied. The results show that the content of free GA of bulbs grown at 18 degrees increased by 67% over the initial level during development. The bound GA showed a slight initial increase and was followed by a rapid decrease. In c...

An enzyme that catalyzes the stoichiometric conversion of 6-tuliposide into tulipalin was purified and characterized from bulbs of Tulipa gesneriana. The enzyme appeared to be a dimer, the relative molecular mass (Mr) of each subunit being 34,900; it had maximum activity and stability at neutral pH and moderate temperature. The enzyme preferentially acted on such glucose esters as 6-tuliposides...

Bulbs of tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L. `Gander'), in which the formation of ̄oral organs had been completed, were chilled at 28C for 3±30 weeks and then forced hydroponically at 208C under a 12 h photoperiod with the light at 100 mmol mÿ2 sÿ1. The fresh weight and the perianth length of the cut ̄ower highly correlated with the dry weights of shoots and ̄oral organs at anthesis, respectively. The d...

We developed capillary affinity electrophoresis (CAE) to analyze the molecular interaction between carbohydrate chains and proteins in solution state. A mixture of oligosaccharides derived from a glycoprotein was labeled with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (APTS), and used as glycan library without isolation. Interaction of a carbohydrate-binding protein with each oligosaccharide in the mixtu...

Neutral sugar, free amino acid, and anthocyanin levels and vacuole/extravacuole distribution were determined for Hippeastrum and Tulipa petal and Tulipa leaf protoplasts. Glucose and fructose, the predominant neutral monosaccharides observed, were primarily vacuolar in location. Glutamine, the predominant free amino acid found, was primarily extravacuolar. gamma-Methyleneglutamate was identifie...

Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) is a bulbous plant species that requires a period of low temperature for proper growth and flowering. The mechanism of sensing the low temperature period is unknown. The study presented in this paper shows that the essential developmental change in tulip bulbs during cold treatment is an increase in sensitivity to the phytohormone auxin. This is demonstrated using a...

A new subpecies, Tulipa cinnabarina subsp. toprakii subsp. nov. (Liliaceae) from Turkey is described. Diagnostic characters, descriptions, detailed illustrations, geographical distribution, conservation status and ecological observations on the new taxon are provided. It is also compared with the closely related Tulipa cinnabarina subsp. cinnabarina.